About Ezra

Ezra records the return from exile and the rebuilding of the temple, followed by Ezra's ministry of spiritual restoration.

Author: EzraWritten: c. 450-400 BCReading time: ~9 minVerses: 70
RestorationTemple RebuildingLawPurityPrayerConfession

King James Version

Ezra 2

70 verses with commentary

The List of the Exiles Who Returned

Now these are the children of the province that went up out of the captivity, of those which had been carried away, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away unto Babylon, and came again unto Jerusalem and Judah, every one unto his city;

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KJV Study Commentary

The chapter heading 'Now these are the children of the province that went up out of the captivity' identifies returnees as those who had been exiled. The phrase 'whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away unto Babylon' acknowledges the exile's source. The statement 'they returned unto Jerusalem and Judah, every one unto his city' emphasizes restoration to ancestral territories. This ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(1) **The children of the province that went up out of the captivity.**—They came from “the captivity,” which was now as it were a generic name—“Children of the captivity” in Babylon (Daniel 2:2), in Judah (Ezra 4:1)—and became “children of the province,” the Judæan province of Persia. **Every one unto his city.**—So far, that is, as his city was known. The various cities, or villages, are more di...
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Which came with Zerubbabel: Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, Bigvai, Rehum, Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel: Seraiah: also called, Azariah, nehe.7.7.

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KJV Study Commentary

The list begins with leaders: 'Which came with Zerubbabel: Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah.' Zerubbabel (grandson of King Jehoiachin) provided civil leadership; Jeshua served as high priest. The listing of names demonstrates personal, not merely corporate, participation in God's purposes. These leaders inspired and organized the return, showing human agency within divine providence. Each name ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **Which came with Zerubbabel: Jeshua.**—The leaders of the people, perhaps the twelve tribes, are represented by twelve names, one of which, Nahamani, is here wanting; three others are given in slightly different forms.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 21 2Ch 21:1-4. Jehoram Succeeds Jehoshaphat. **1-4. Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers ... Jehoram ... reigned--**The late king left seven sons; two of them are in our version named Azariah; but in the Hebrew they appear considerably different, the one being spelt "Azariah," and the other "Azariahu." Though Jehoshaphat had made his family arrangements with prudent precaution, and while...
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The children of Parosh, two thousand an hundred seventy and two.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Parosh, two thousand an hundred seventy and two.</strong> This census begins the genealogical register of returning exiles with the family of <em>Parosh</em> (פַּרְעֹשׁ), meaning 'flea' or possibly 'blooming'—a name suggesting humble origins transformed by God's grace. The precise enumeration of 2,172 individuals demonstrates meticulous record-keeping that served legal, the...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **The children of Parosh** **. . .**—Then comes the enumeration of the family and local names. In the following instances we note when two of the three authorities agree. In Ezra 2:6, Ezra is confirmed by 1 Esdras as against Nehemiah’s 2,818; in Ezra 2:8, against his 945; in Ezra 2:11, against his 628; in Ezra 2:15, against his 655; in Ezra 2:17, against his 324; in Ezra 2:33, against his 721....
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 21 2Ch 21:1-4. Jehoram Succeeds Jehoshaphat. **1-4. Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers ... Jehoram ... reigned--**The late king left seven sons; two of them are in our version named Azariah; but in the Hebrew they appear considerably different, the one being spelt "Azariah," and the other "Azariahu." Though Jehoshaphat had made his family arrangements with prudent precaution, and while...
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The children of Shephatiah, three hundred seventy and two.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Shephatiah, three hundred seventy and two.</strong> The family of <em>Shephatiah</em> (שְׁפַטְיָה) bears a name meaning 'Yahweh has judged' or 'Yahweh is judge,' embodying theological testimony to God's justice and sovereignty. This name would resonate powerfully for exiles who had experienced divine judgment through captivity yet now witnessed God's merciful restoration. T...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 21 2Ch 21:1-4. Jehoram Succeeds Jehoshaphat. **1-4. Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers ... Jehoram ... reigned--**The late king left seven sons; two of them are in our version named Azariah; but in the Hebrew they appear considerably different, the one being spelt "Azariah," and the other "Azariahu." Though Jehoshaphat had made his family arrangements with prudent precaution, and while...
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The children of Arah, seven hundred seventy and five.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>A Remnant Returns from Exile:</strong> This verse appears within the meticulous genealogical record of the first wave of Jewish exiles returning from Babylon to Jerusalem under Zerubbabel's leadership (c. 538 BC). "The children of Arah" (<em>bene Arach</em>, בְּנֵי־אָרַח) identifies a specific family clan descended from a patriarch named Arah. The precision of "seven hundred seventy and fi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 21 2Ch 21:1-4. Jehoram Succeeds Jehoshaphat. **1-4. Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers ... Jehoram ... reigned--**The late king left seven sons; two of them are in our version named Azariah; but in the Hebrew they appear considerably different, the one being spelt "Azariah," and the other "Azariahu." Though Jehoshaphat had made his family arrangements with prudent precaution, and while...
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The children of Pahathmoab, of the children of Jeshua and Joab, two thousand eight hundred and twelve .

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Pahath-moab, of the children of Jeshua and Joab, two thousand eight hundred and twelve.</strong> This entry presents compound genealogy, with <em>Pahath-moab</em> (פַּחַת מוֹאָב) meaning 'governor of Moab,' suggesting ancestral connection to Moabite territory or service as Persian official over that region. The dual lineage—'of the children of Jeshua and Joab'—indicates mer...
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The children of Elam, a thousand two hundred fifty and four.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Elam, a thousand two hundred fifty and four.</strong> The family of <em>Elam</em> (עֵילָם) bears a name with dual significance: it refers both to ancient kingdom east of Babylonia and means 'eternity' or 'hidden.' This geographical-theological name suggests either ancestral origin from Elam territory or spiritual aspiration toward eternal covenant. The 1,254 members constit...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6-7. he walked ... as did the house of Ahab, for he had the daughter of Ahab to wife--**The precepts and examples of his excellent father were soon obliterated by his matrimonial alliance with a daughter of the royal house of Israel. Through the influence of Athaliah he abolished the worship of the Lord, and encouraged an introduction of all the corruptions prevalent in the sister kingdom. The d...
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The children of Zattu, nine hundred forty and five.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Zattu, nine hundred forty and five.</strong> The family of <em>Zattu</em> (זַתּוּא) bears a name whose etymology remains uncertain—possibly meaning 'olive' or 'branch,' connecting to agricultural imagery common in Israelite nomenclature. The Hebrew root may relate to <em>zayit</em> (זַיִת, olive), suggesting connection to the olive tree that symbolizes Israel (Jeremiah 11:1...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6-7. he walked ... as did the house of Ahab, for he had the daughter of Ahab to wife--**The precepts and examples of his excellent father were soon obliterated by his matrimonial alliance with a daughter of the royal house of Israel. Through the influence of Athaliah he abolished the worship of the Lord, and encouraged an introduction of all the corruptions prevalent in the sister kingdom. The d...
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The children of Zaccai, seven hundred and threescore.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Zaccai, seven hundred and threescore.</strong> The family of <em>Zaccai</em> (זַכַּי) bears a name meaning 'pure' or 'innocent,' derived from the root <em>zakah</em> (זָכָה), which signifies moral purity, legal innocence, or ritual cleanness. This name takes on profound significance in post-exilic context: a family bearing 'purity' as identity returning to restore temple wo...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8-10. the Edomites revolted--**That nation had been made dependent by David, and down to the time of Jehoshaphat was governed by a tributary ruler (1Ki 22:47; 2Ki 3:9). But that king having been slain in an insurrection at home, his successor thought to ingratiate himself with his new subjects by raising the flag of independence [Josephus]. The attempt was defeated in the first instance by Jehor...
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The children of Bani, six hundred forty and two. Bani: or, Binnui

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Bani, six hundred forty and two.</strong> The family of <em>Bani</em> (בָּנִי) bears a name meaning 'built' or 'my building,' derived from the root <em>banah</em> (בָּנָה, to build). This name carries extraordinary significance in Ezra's context: a family named 'built' returning specifically <em>to build</em> the temple (Ezra 1:5). Their very identity testified to construct...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8-10. the Edomites revolted--**That nation had been made dependent by David, and down to the time of Jehoshaphat was governed by a tributary ruler (1Ki 22:47; 2Ki 3:9). But that king having been slain in an insurrection at home, his successor thought to ingratiate himself with his new subjects by raising the flag of independence [Josephus]. The attempt was defeated in the first instance by Jehor...
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The children of Bebai, six hundred twenty and three.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Bebai, six hundred twenty and three.</strong> The family of <em>Bebai</em> (בֵּבַי) bears a name of uncertain etymology, possibly meaning 'my hollows' or derived from an Aramaic root suggesting 'fatherly.' The obscurity of the name's precise meaning reminds us that not all biblical details come with clear explanations—God's people include those whose origins are somewhat my...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8-10. the Edomites revolted--**That nation had been made dependent by David, and down to the time of Jehoshaphat was governed by a tributary ruler (1Ki 22:47; 2Ki 3:9). But that king having been slain in an insurrection at home, his successor thought to ingratiate himself with his new subjects by raising the flag of independence [Josephus]. The attempt was defeated in the first instance by Jehor...
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The children of Azgad, a thousand two hundred twenty and two.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Azgad, a thousand two hundred twenty and two.</strong> The family of <em>Azgad</em> (עַזְגָּד) bears a name meaning 'stern is Gad' or 'Gad is strong,' combining the tribal name <em>Gad</em> (גָּד) with <em>az</em> (עַז, strong/fierce). This theophoric name invokes one of Israel's twelve tribes, suggesting either ancestral connection to Gad's territory in Transjordan or theo...
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The children of Adonikam, six hundred sixty and six.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Adonikam, six hundred sixty and six.</strong> This census entry records returnees from the family of Adonikam (אֲדֹנִיקָם, <em>Adoniqam</em>, 'my lord has arisen'). The name itself testified to covenant faith—confessing Yahweh as the risen Lord who vindicates His people. The number 666 later gained symbolic significance in Revelation 13:18, but here it simply records histor...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12-15. there came a writing to him from Elijah the prophet--**That prophet's translation having taken place in the reign of Jehoshaphat [2Ki 2:11, 12], we must conclude that the name of Elijah has, by the error of a transcriber, been put for that of Elisha.

The children of Bigvai, two thousand fifty and six.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Bigvai, two thousand fifty and six.</strong> Bigvai (בִּגְוַי, <em>Bigvai</em>, possibly 'in my body' or from Persian 'fortunate') led one of the largest returning families—2,056 people. This substantial number indicates a prominent clan that maintained cohesion through exile. Size didn't guarantee spiritual vitality (many large families remained in Babylon), but it did pro...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12-15. there came a writing to him from Elijah the prophet--**That prophet's translation having taken place in the reign of Jehoshaphat [2Ki 2:11, 12], we must conclude that the name of Elijah has, by the error of a transcriber, been put for that of Elisha.

The children of Adin, four hundred fifty and four.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Adin, four hundred fifty and four.</strong> The family of Adin (עָדִין, <em>Adin</em>, 'delicate' or 'ornament') numbered 454 returnees. This mid-sized clan appears also in Ezra 8:6 (contributing additional members in the second return) and Nehemiah 10:16 (covenant signatories). The name's meaning suggests possible priestly or aristocratic heritage, as 'ornament' often desc...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12-15. there came a writing to him from Elijah the prophet--**That prophet's translation having taken place in the reign of Jehoshaphat [2Ki 2:11, 12], we must conclude that the name of Elijah has, by the error of a transcriber, been put for that of Elisha.

The children of Ater of Hezekiah, ninety and eight.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Ater of Hezekiah, ninety and eight.</strong> This entry identifies returnees from Ater's family, specifically <strong>of Hezekiah</strong> (חִזְקִיָּה, <em>Chizqiyah</em>, 'Yahweh strengthens'). The name Ater (אָטֵר, <em>Ater</em>, 'bound' or 'shut') contrasts with Hezekiah's meaning—spiritual bondage versus divine strengthening. The genealogical specification distinguishes...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12-15. there came a writing to him from Elijah the prophet--**That prophet's translation having taken place in the reign of Jehoshaphat [2Ki 2:11, 12], we must conclude that the name of Elijah has, by the error of a transcriber, been put for that of Elisha.

The children of Bezai, three hundred twenty and three.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Bezai, three hundred twenty and three.</strong> Bezai's family (בֵּצָי, <em>Betzai</em>, possibly 'shining' or 'conqueror') numbered 323 returnees. The name appears again in Nehemiah 7:23 and 10:18, showing continued family prominence through restoration period. The root meaning suggests brilliance or victory—appropriate for those conquering exile's darkness through homewar...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12-15. there came a writing to him from Elijah the prophet--**That prophet's translation having taken place in the reign of Jehoshaphat [2Ki 2:11, 12], we must conclude that the name of Elijah has, by the error of a transcriber, been put for that of Elisha.

The children of Jorah, an hundred and twelve . Jorah: or, Hariph

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Jorah, an hundred and twelve.</strong> Jorah's family (יוֹרָה, <em>Yorah</em>, 'early rain' or 'teacher') comprised 112 returnees. The name evokes agricultural blessing—early rains were essential for successful planting season. In Deuteronomy 11:14, God promised early and latter rain as covenant blessing. Jorah's name thus testified to dependence on divine provision rather ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12-15. there came a writing to him from Elijah the prophet--**That prophet's translation having taken place in the reign of Jehoshaphat [2Ki 2:11, 12], we must conclude that the name of Elijah has, by the error of a transcriber, been put for that of Elisha.

The children of Hashum, two hundred twenty and three.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Hashum, two hundred twenty and three.</strong> Hashum (חָשֻׁם, <em>Chashum</em>, possibly 'rich' or 'renowned') led a family of 223 returnees. This name appears throughout restoration literature: Ezra 10:33 (members guilty of intermarriage), Nehemiah 7:22, 8:4 (Ezra's platform assistant), 10:18 (covenant signatory). The recurring presence across various contexts suggests a ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12-15. there came a writing to him from Elijah the prophet--**That prophet's translation having taken place in the reign of Jehoshaphat [2Ki 2:11, 12], we must conclude that the name of Elijah has, by the error of a transcriber, been put for that of Elisha.

The children of Gibbar, ninety and five. Gibbar: or Gibeon

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Gibbar, ninety and five.</strong> Gibbar's family (גִּבָּר, <em>Gibbar</em>, 'mighty man' or 'warrior') numbered 95. The name derives from <em>gibbor</em>, used of military heroes like David's mighty men (2 Samuel 23:8). This martial imagery contrasts with the family's small size—true strength comes from God, not numerical advantage. Gideon's 300 defeated Midianite thousand...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12-15. there came a writing to him from Elijah the prophet--**That prophet's translation having taken place in the reign of Jehoshaphat [2Ki 2:11, 12], we must conclude that the name of Elijah has, by the error of a transcriber, been put for that of Elisha.

The children of Bethlehem, an hundred twenty and three.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Beth-lehem, an hundred twenty and three.</strong> This entry shifts from patrilineal to geographical designation: <strong>Beth-lehem</strong> (בֵּית לֶחֶם, <em>Beit Lechem</em>, 'house of bread') returnees numbered 123. This small Judean town, six miles south of Jerusalem, held enormous redemptive significance. Ruth gleaned in Bethlehem's fields (Ruth 2); David was anointed...
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The men of Netophah, fifty and six.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The men of Netophah, fifty and six.</strong> Netophah (נְטֹפָה, <em>Netophah</em>, 'distillation' or 'dropping') was a village near Bethlehem, home to some of David's mighty men (2 Samuel 23:28-29). The shift from 'children' to <strong>men</strong> (אַנְשֵׁי, <em>anshei</em>) in this verse suggests military or civic designation rather than genealogical. These fifty-six may have constituted...
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The men of Anathoth, an hundred twenty and eight.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The men of Anathoth, an hundred twenty and eight.</strong> Anathoth (עֲנָתוֹת, <em>Anathoth</em>) carries profound significance—this was Jeremiah's hometown (Jeremiah 1:1). That 128 men from this small Benjaminite town returned demonstrates remarkable faith. Jeremiah had prophesied both Jerusalem's destruction and eventual restoration, purchasing land in Anathoth during the siege as a prop...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 22 2Ch 22:1-9. Ahaziah Succeeding Jehoram, Reigns Wickedly. **1. the inhabitants of Jerusalem made Ahaziah ... king--**or Jehoahaz (2Ch 21:17). All his older brothers having been slaughtered by the Arab marauders, the throne of Judah rightfully belonged to him as the only legitimate heir.

The children of Azmaveth, forty and two. Azmaveth: or, Bethazmaveth

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Azmaveth, forty and two.</strong> Azmaveth (עַזְמָוֶת, <em>Azmaveth</em>, meaning 'strong as death' or 'death is strong') appears both as a personal name and place name in Scripture. 1 Chronicles 12:3 names Azmaveth as one of David's mighty warriors, while Nehemiah 12:29 identifies it as a village north of Jerusalem. The parallel account in Nehemiah 7:28 calls it Beth-azmav...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. Forty and two years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign--**(Compare 2Ki 8:26). According to that passage, the commencement of his reign is dated in the twenty-second year of his age, and, according to this, in the forty-second year of the kingdom of his mother's family [Lightfoot]. "If Ahaziah ascended the throne in the twenty-second year of his life, he must have been born in his father's...
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The children of Kirjatharim, Chephirah, and Beeroth, seven hundred and forty and three.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Kirjath-arim, Chephirah, and Beeroth, seven hundred and forty and three.</strong> This verse groups three Gibeonite cities together: Kirjath-jearim (קִרְיַת יְעָרִים, <em>Qiryat Yearim</em>, 'city of forests'), Chephirah (כְּפִירָה, <em>Kephirah</em>, 'young lioness'), and Beeroth (בְּאֵרוֹת, <em>Be'eroth</em>, 'wells'). These cities have remarkable history—they were Gibeon...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3-4. his mother was his counsellor ... they were his counsellors--**The facile king surrendered himself wholly to the influence of his mother and her relatives. Athaliah and her son introduced a universal corruption of morals and made idolatry the religion of the court and the nation. By them he was induced not only to conform to the religion of the northern kingdom, but to join a new expedition...
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The children of Ramah and Gaba, six hundred twenty and one.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Ramah and Gaba, six hundred twenty and one.</strong> Ramah (רָמָה, <em>Ramah</em>, meaning 'height' or 'high place') and Gaba (גָּבַע, <em>Gaba</em> or Geba, meaning 'hill') were neighboring Benjaminite towns with rich biblical history. Ramah was Samuel's birthplace and residence (1 Samuel 1:19, 7:17), where he judged Israel and anointed both Saul and David. Gaba/Geba serve...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3-4. his mother was his counsellor ... they were his counsellors--**The facile king surrendered himself wholly to the influence of his mother and her relatives. Athaliah and her son introduced a universal corruption of morals and made idolatry the religion of the court and the nation. By them he was induced not only to conform to the religion of the northern kingdom, but to join a new expedition...
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The men of Michmas, an hundred twenty and two.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The men of Michmas, an hundred twenty and two.</strong> Michmash (מִכְמָשׂ, <em>Mikmas</em>, possibly meaning 'hidden' or 'treasure store') occupies a crucial place in Israel's history. This town witnessed one of Jonathan's greatest faith-victories when he and his armor-bearer attacked the Philistine garrison, trusting God to deliver (1 Samuel 14:1-23). Jonathan's declaration, 'there is no...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. went ... to war against Hazael, king of Syria--**It may be mentioned as a very minute and therefore important confirmation of this part of the sacred history that the names of Jehu and Hazael, his contemporary, have both been found on Assyrian sculptures; and there is also a notice of Ithbaal, king of Sidon, who was the father of Jezebel.

The men of Bethel and Ai, two hundred twenty and three.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The men of Beth-el and Ai, two hundred twenty and three.</strong> Bethel (בֵּית־אֵל, <em>Bet-El</em>, 'house of God') and Ai (הָעַי, <em>Ha-Ay</em>, 'the ruin') carry profound theological significance. Bethel was where Jacob encountered God, receiving covenant promises and naming the place 'house of God' (Genesis 28:10-22). Ai was Israel's humiliating defeat after Achan's sin, teaching tha...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. Azariah went down--**that is, from Ramoth-gilead, to visit the king of Israel, who was lying ill of his wounds at Jezreel, and who had fled there on the alarm of Jehu's rebellion.

The children of Nebo, fifty and two.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Nebo, fifty and two.</strong> Nebo (נְבוֹ, <em>Nebo</em>) presents fascinating complexity—the name refers both to a Babylonian deity and an Israelite town. As a god, Nebo (Nabu) was the Babylonian deity of wisdom and writing, son of Marduk. Isaiah mocked Nebo's impotence: 'Bel boweth down, Nebo stoopeth' (Isaiah 46:1), contrasting false gods' helplessness with Yahweh's powe...
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The children of Magbish, an hundred fifty and six.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Magbish, an hundred fifty and six.</strong> Magbish (מַגְבִּישׁ, <em>Magbish</em>) presents a textual mystery—this place name appears nowhere else in Scripture except here and its parallel absence in Nehemiah 7. Some scholars suggest textual corruption, others propose it was a minor settlement whose significance was limited to this genealogical context. The name possibly de...
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The children of the other Elam, a thousand two hundred fifty and four.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of the other Elam, a thousand two hundred fifty and four.</strong> The designation 'the other Elam' (עֵילָם אַחֵר, <em>Elam acher</em>) distinguishes this group from another Elam mentioned earlier (Ezra 2:7, with 1,254 members—interestingly, the same number). Elam (עֵילָם, <em>Elam</em>, meaning 'eternity' or 'hidden') was both a family name and a powerful ancient kingdom east...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. he sought Ahaziah, and they caught him (for he was hid in Samaria)--**(compare 2Ki 9:27-29). The two accounts are easily reconciled. "Ahaziah fled first to the garden house and escaped to Samaria; but was here, where he had hid himself, taken by Jehu's men who pursued him, brought to Jehu, who was still near or in Jezreel, and at his command slain at the hill Gur, beside Ibleam, in his chario...
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The children of Harim, three hundred and twenty.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Harim, three hundred and twenty.</strong> Harim (חָרִם, <em>Charim</em>, meaning 'flat-nosed' or 'dedicated') appears multiple times in Ezra-Nehemiah, representing both a priestly family (Ezra 2:39, Nehemiah 7:42) and a lay family (here and Ezra 10:31). The distinction shows careful genealogical precision—priestly and non-priestly Harim families existed separately, requirin...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. Athaliah ... arose and destroyed all the seed royal--**(See on 2Ki 11:1-3). Maddened by the massacre of the royal family of Ahab, she resolved that the royal house of David should have the same fate. Knowing the commission which Jehu had received to extirpate the whole of Ahab's posterity, she expected that he would extend his sword to her. Anticipating his movements, she resolved, as her on...
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The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, seven hundred twenty and five. Hadid: or, Harid, as it is in some copies

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono</strong> (בְּנֵי־לֹד חָדִיד וְאוֹנוֹ)—These three towns formed a cluster in the Benjamite territory northwest of Jerusalem. The Hebrew word <em>bene</em> (children/descendants) emphasizes genealogical continuity despite 70 years of exile. Notably, 725 returnees from these towns suggest a significant community that maintained its identity in Babylon.<br><...
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The children of Jericho, three hundred forty and five.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Jericho, three hundred forty and five</strong>—The city of <em>Yericho</em> (יְרִיחוֹ), though cursed by Joshua (Joshua 6:26), was inhabited again by the time of David. Its mention here carries profound theological irony: the city representing Canaan's destruction now contributes to Judah's restoration. The 345 returnees demonstrate God's power to redeem even cursed places....
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12. he was with them hid in the house of God--**Certain persons connected with the priesthood had a right to occupy the buildings in the outer wall, and all within the outer wall was often called the temple. Jehoiada and his family resided in one of these apartments.

The children of Senaah, three thousand and six hundred and thirty.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Senaah, three thousand and six hundred and thirty</strong>—With 3,630 people, Senaah provided the largest single family contingent in the entire census, yet this town is otherwise unknown in Scripture. The Hebrew name <em>Senaah</em> (סְנָאָה) possibly means 'thorny' or 'hated,' making this massive representation remarkably significant—the despised became the most numerous....
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The priests: the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, nine hundred seventy and three.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The priests: the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua</strong> (הַכֹּהֲנִים בְּנֵי יְדַעְיָה לְבֵית יֵשׁוּעַ)—The shift to <em>hakohanim</em> (the priests) marks a crucial transition in the census from laypeople to ministerial orders. Jedaiah means 'Yahweh has known,' appropriate for those who would mediate knowledge of God. This family descended from the high priestly line through ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(36) **The priests: the children of Jedaiah.**—The priests are then given by family names, their numbers being very large in proportion to each of the other classes. Three only of David’s priestly courses are represented (1Chronicles 24:7-8; 1Chronicles 24:14); Pashur, a name mentioned elsewhere as the name of a priestly race, not being among the twenty-four in the Chronicles. **Of** **the** **hou...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 23 2Ch 23:1-11. Jehoiada Makes Joash King. **1. in the seventh year Jehoiada ... took the captains of hundreds, &amp;c.--**(See on 2Ki 11:4; 2Ki 11:17). The five officers mentioned here had been probably of the royal guard, and were known to be strongly disaffected to the government of Athaliah.

The children of Immer, a thousand fifty and two.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Immer, a thousand fifty and two</strong>—The name <em>Immer</em> (אִמֵּר) means 'lamb' or 'he has said/promised,' evoking both sacrificial ministry and God's covenant faithfulness. This priestly family produced 1,052 returnees, the second-largest priestly contingent. Ironically, Pashhur son of Immer was the priest who imprisoned Jeremiah (Jeremiah 20:1-2), yet God's covenan...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. chief of all the fathers of Israel--**This name is frequently used in Chronicles for Judah and Benjamin, now all that remained of Israel. Having cautiously entrusted the secret of the young prince's preservation to all the leading men in the kingdom, he enlisted their interest in the royal cause and got their pledge to support it by a secret oath of fidelity. **they came to Jerusalem--**The...
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The children of Pashur, a thousand two hundred forty and seven.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Pashur, a thousand two hundred forty and seven</strong>—<em>Pashur</em> (פַּשְׁחוּר) appears to derive from an Egyptian root meaning 'portion of Horus,' suggesting this priestly family may have had Egyptian connections, perhaps from the Exodus generation or later sojourns in Egypt. With 1,247 members, this was the largest returning priestly family, nearly 29% of all priests...
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The children of Harim, a thousand and seventeen .

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Harim, a thousand and seventeen</strong>—<em>Harim</em> (חָרִם) means 'flat-nosed' or 'consecrated/devoted,' from the root related to <em>herem</em> (devoted to destruction or sacred use). This dual meaning captures the priestly paradox: those consecrated to God's service handle what is <em>herem</em>—both holy offerings and defiling sin offerings. Their 1,017 members made ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-9. This is the thing that ye shall do--**The arrangements made for defense are here described. The people were divided into three bodies; one attended as guards to the king, while the other two were posted at all the doors and gates, and the captains and military officers who entered the temple unarmed to lull suspicion, were furnished with weapons out of the sacred armory, where David had dep...
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The Levites: the children of Jeshua and Kadmiel, of the children of Hodaviah, seventy and four. Hodaviah: or, Judah called also Hodevah

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The Levites: the children of Jeshua and Kadmiel</strong> (הַלְוִיִּם בְּנֵי־יֵשׁוּעַ לְקַדְמִיאֵל)—The shift to <em>haleviyim</em> (the Levites) marks a dramatic statistical change: only 74 Levites returned versus 4,289 priests (vv. 36-39), a ratio of 1:58. This severe underrepresentation suggests most Levites (assistants to priests, musicians, gatekeepers) had assimilated into Babylonian ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(40) **The Levites: the children of Jeshua.**—Then follow the Levitical families, not priests: that is, the Levites proper, the singers, the door-keepers or porters. Of the first there were only two families, and these are both traced up to one, that of Hodaviah or Judah (Ezra 3:9) or Hodevah (Nehemiah 7:43). The hereditary choristers are also few: of the families of Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun the...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-9. This is the thing that ye shall do--**The arrangements made for defense are here described. The people were divided into three bodies; one attended as guards to the king, while the other two were posted at all the doors and gates, and the captains and military officers who entered the temple unarmed to lull suspicion, were furnished with weapons out of the sacred armory, where David had dep...
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The singers: the children of Asaph, an hundred twenty and eight.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The singers: the children of Asaph, an hundred twenty and eight</strong> (הַמְשֹׁרְרִים בְּנֵי אָסָף)—The term <em>meshorerim</em> (singers) designates temple musicians, with <em>Asaph</em> (אָסָף, 'collector/gatherer') being David's chief musician who authored 12 psalms (Psalms 50, 73-83). That 128 singers returned—nearly double the 74 Levites—demonstrates worship's priority in restoratio...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-9. This is the thing that ye shall do--**The arrangements made for defense are here described. The people were divided into three bodies; one attended as guards to the king, while the other two were posted at all the doors and gates, and the captains and military officers who entered the temple unarmed to lull suspicion, were furnished with weapons out of the sacred armory, where David had dep...
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The children of the porters: the children of Shallum, the children of Ater, the children of Talmon, the children of Akkub, the children of Hatita, the children of Shobai, in all an hundred thirty and nine.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of the porters</strong> (בְּנֵי הַשֹּׁעֲרִים)—The term <em>sho'arim</em> (gatekeepers/doorkeepers) describes those guarding temple entrances, controlling access to sacred space. Six families are named—Shallum ('recompense'), Ater ('bound/shut'), Talmon ('oppressor'), Akkub ('insidious/cunning'), Hatita ('exploring'), and Shobai ('captor')—totaling 139 gatekeepers. These names ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(42) **The children of the porters.**—The porters, or gatekeepers, number six families, three of which appear in the old Jerusalem (1Chronicles 9:17).

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-9. This is the thing that ye shall do--**The arrangements made for defense are here described. The people were divided into three bodies; one attended as guards to the king, while the other two were posted at all the doors and gates, and the captains and military officers who entered the temple unarmed to lull suspicion, were furnished with weapons out of the sacred armory, where David had dep...
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The Nethinims: the children of Ziha, the children of Hasupha, the children of Tabbaoth,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The Nethinims: the children of Ziha, the children of Hasupha, the children of Tabbaoth</strong>—This verse introduces the <em>Nethinim</em> (נְתִינִים, <em>netinim</em>), literally "those given" or "the given ones," temple servants dedicated to assist the Levites in menial tasks. The Hebrew root <em>natan</em> (נָתַן, to give) indicates they were "given" to the tabernacle service, original...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(43-58) **The Nethinims.**—By the etymology *those given:* known by this name only in the later books. (See 1Chronicles 9:2.) They were *hieroduli,* or temple-bondsmen: the lowest order of the ministry, performing the more laborious duties of the sanctuary. Their history runs through a long period. Moses apportioned them first, from the Midianite captives (Numbers 31:47); they were reinforced from...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-9. This is the thing that ye shall do--**The arrangements made for defense are here described. The people were divided into three bodies; one attended as guards to the king, while the other two were posted at all the doors and gates, and the captains and military officers who entered the temple unarmed to lull suspicion, were furnished with weapons out of the sacred armory, where David had dep...
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The children of Keros, the children of Siaha, the children of Padon, Siaha: or, Sia

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Keros, the children of Siaha, the children of Padon</strong>—The enumeration continues with three more Nethinim families. <strong>Keros</strong> (קֵרֹס, possibly from <em>karas</em>, "to bend" or "bow down") may indicate ancestral service posture or work bending over tasks. <strong>Siaha</strong> (סִיעֲהָא, possibly "assembly" or "council") and <strong>Padon</strong> (פָּדו...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-9. This is the thing that ye shall do--**The arrangements made for defense are here described. The people were divided into three bodies; one attended as guards to the king, while the other two were posted at all the doors and gates, and the captains and military officers who entered the temple unarmed to lull suspicion, were furnished with weapons out of the sacred armory, where David had dep...
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The children of Lebanah, the children of Hagabah, the children of Akkub,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Lebanah, the children of Hagabah, the children of Akkub</strong>—Three more Nethinim families appear in this census. <strong>Lebanah</strong> (לְבָנָה, <em>lebanah</em>) means "white" or "moon," possibly indicating pale complexion, lunar-cycle birthing, or metaphorical purity despite servile status. <strong>Hagabah</strong> (חֲגָבָה, from <em>hagab</em>, "locust" or "grassh...
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The children of Hagab, the children of Shalmai, the children of Hanan, Shalmai: or, Shamlai

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Hagab, the children of Shalmai, the children of Hanan</strong>—The Nethinim census continues with three additional families. <strong>Hagab</strong> (חָגָב, <em>hagab</em>)—related to Hagabah in verse 45—again means "locust" or "grasshopper," reinforcing the theme of smallness and humility. The repetition of locust-related names among Nethinim suggests either a common ancest...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11. Then they brought out the king's son, and put upon him the crown, and gave him the testimony--**Some think that the original word rendered "testimony," as its derivation warrants, may signify here the regalia, especially the bracelet (2Sa 1:10); and this view they support on the ground that "gave him" being supplemented, the text properly runs thus, "put upon him the crown and testimony." At...
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The children of Giddel, the children of Gahar, the children of Reaiah,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Giddel, the children of Gahar, the children of Reaiah</strong>—Three more Nethinim families receive mention in this meticulous census. <strong>Giddel</strong> (גִּדֵּל, <em>giddel</em>) means "he has made great" or "magnified," from the root <em>gadal</em> (to grow, be great). Remarkably, a servant-class family bore a name celebrating greatness—perhaps ironic (greatness thr...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12. Athaliah heard the noise of the people--**The unusual commotion, indicated by the blast of the trumpets and the vehement acclamations of the people, drew her attention, or excited her fears. She might have flattered herself that, having slain all the royal family, she was in perfect security; but it is just as likely that, finding on reflection, one had escaped her murderous hands, she might...
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The children of Rezin, the children of Nekoda, the children of Gazzam,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Rezin, the children of Nekoda, the children of Gazzam</strong>—The Nethinim enumeration proceeds with three additional families. <strong>Rezin</strong> (רְצִין, <em>retsin</em>, "firm" or "delight") shares its name with the Aramean king who threatened Judah during Isaiah's ministry (Isaiah 7:1). This doesn't imply direct connection but illustrates how common ancient Near Ea...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**13. behold, the king stood at his pillar at the entering in--**The king's pillar was in the people's court, opposite that of the priests'. The young king, arrayed in the royal insignia, had been brought out of the inner, to stand forth in the outer court, to the public view. Some think that he stood on the brazen scaffold of Solomon, erected beside the pillar [see on 2Ch 6:13].

The children of Uzza, the children of Paseah, the children of Besai,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Uzza, the children of Paseah, the children of Besai</strong>—Three more Nethinim families appear in this carefully maintained census. <strong>Uzza</strong> (עֻזָּא, <em>uzza</em>, "strength") shares its name with the man who died touching the ark (2 Samuel 6:6-7), though no connection is implied. The name celebrates divine or human strength—appropriate for servants performi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14-15. Slay her not in the house of the Lord ... and when she was come to the entering of the horse gate by the king's house, they slew her there--**The high priest ordered her immediately to be taken out of the temple grounds and put to death. "And they laid hands on her; and she went by the way by the which horses came into the king's house: and there was she slain" (2Ki 11:16). "Now, we are n...
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The children of Asnah, the children of Mehunim, the children of Nephusim , Nephusim: or, Nephishesim

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Asnah, the children of Mehunim, the children of Nephusim</strong>—The Nethinim census continues with three more families representing distinct ancestral lines. <strong>Asnah</strong> (אַסְנָה, possibly from <em>asen</em>, "thorn bush") may reference the burning bush (Exodus 3:2, <em>seneh</em>) or simply thorny plants. If connected to Moses's burning bush, it would be theol...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14-15. Slay her not in the house of the Lord ... and when she was come to the entering of the horse gate by the king's house, they slew her there--**The high priest ordered her immediately to be taken out of the temple grounds and put to death. "And they laid hands on her; and she went by the way by the which horses came into the king's house: and there was she slain" (2Ki 11:16). "Now, we are n...
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The children of Bakbuk, the children of Hakupha, the children of Harhur,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Bakbuk, the children of Hakupha, the children of Harhur</strong>—Three more Nethinim families receive mention as the census approaches completion. <strong>Bakbuk</strong> (בַּקְבּוּק, <em>baqbuq</em>, "bottle" or "flask") uses onomatopoeia—the Hebrew word sounds like liquid pouring from a vessel. This evocative name may reference ancestral work with temple libations, oil st...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16. Jehoiada made a covenant--**(See on 2Ki 11:17).

The children of Bazluth, the children of Mehida, the children of Harsha, Bazluth: or, Bazlith

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Bazluth, the children of Mehida, the children of Harsha</strong>—The final three Nethinim families in this section complete the census before the summary. <strong>Bazluth</strong> (בַּצְלוּת, possibly from <em>batsal</em>, "in the shadow" or "peeling off") may indicate service performed in shadowy temple areas or the peeling/stripping work of preparing sacrificial animals. ...
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The children of Barkos, the children of Sisera, the children of Thamah,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Barkos, the children of Sisera, the children of Thamah</strong>—These are descendants of the Nethinim (temple servants), families whose names carry prophetic irony. <em>Sisera</em> (סִיסְרָא) is the name of the Canaanite general defeated by Deborah and Barak (Judges 4-5), yet here his descendants serve in God's temple. This demonstrates God's redemptive grace—former enemies...
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The children of Neziah, the children of Hatipha.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Neziah, the children of Hatipha</strong>—The census continues with two more Nethinim families. <em>Neziah</em> (נְצִיחַ) derives from <em>natsach</em> (to oversee, be preeminent), suggesting leadership among temple servants. <em>Hatipha</em> (חֲטִיפָא) means "seized" or "captive," possibly indicating captive origins.<br><br>The juxtaposition is striking: a "preeminent" fami...
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The children of Solomon's servants: the children of Sotai, the children of Sophereth, the children of Peruda, Peruda: or, Perida

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Solomon's servants</strong> (בְּנֵי עַבְדֵי שְׁלֹמֹה)—A distinct category from Nethinim, these were descendants of Canaanite peoples Solomon subjected to forced labor (1 Kings 9:20-21). <em>Sotai</em> means "straying," <em>Sophereth</em> (סוֹפֶרֶת) means "scribe" or "numberer," and <em>Peruda</em> means "kernel" or "separated."<br><br>That <em>avdei Shlomo</em> (Solomon's s...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(55) **The children of Solomon’s servants.**—These are mentioned in 1 Kings 9 as a servile class, formed of the residue of the Canaanites. They were probably inferior to the Nethinims, but are generally classed with them, as in the general enumeration here. Both these classes retained during their captivity their attachment to the service into which they had been received; and, the Levites being s...
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The children of Jaalah, the children of Darkon, the children of Giddel,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Jaalah, the children of Darkon, the children of Giddel</strong>—More descendants of Solomon's servants, each name carrying theological significance. <em>Jaalah</em> (יַעֲלָה) means "mountain goat" or "to ascend," symbolizing the spiritual ascent from exile to Jerusalem. <em>Darkon</em> (דַּרְקוֹן) means "carrier" or "rough," describing their servile labor. <em>Giddel</em> (...
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The children of Shephatiah, the children of Hattil, the children of Pochereth of Zebaim, the children of Ami. Ami: or, Amon

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Shephatiah, the children of Hattil, the children of Pochereth of Zebaim, the children of Ami</strong>—The final group of Solomon's servants. <em>Shephatiah</em> (שְׁפַטְיָה) means "Yahweh has judged," <em>Hattil</em> means "wavering" or "decaying," <em>Pochereth of Zebaim</em> (פֹּכֶרֶת צְבָיִים) means "binder of gazelles" or "trapper," and <em>Ami</em> (אָמִי) means "my pe...
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All the Nethinims, and the children of Solomon's servants, were three hundred ninety and two.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>All the Nethinims, and the children of Solomon's servants, were three hundred ninety and two</strong>—The combined census of temple servants: 392 souls. The Hebrew <em>kol</em> (all) emphasizes completeness—every servant was counted and valued. This small number (compared to 4,289 priests and Levites in verses 36-42) underscores their humble status, yet their inclusion in sacred Scripture ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 24 2Ch 24:1-14. Joash Reigns Well All the Days of Jehoiada. **1-3. Joash ... began to reign--**(See on 2Ki 12:1-3).

And these were they which went up from Telmelah, Telharsa, Cherub, Addan, and Immer: but they could not shew their father's house, and their seed, whether they were of Israel: Addan: or, Addon seed: or, pedigree

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But they could not shew their father's house, and their seed, whether they were of Israel</strong> (וְלֹא יָכְלוּ לְהַגִּיד בֵּית־אֲבוֹתָם וְזַרְעָם אִם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל הֵם)—These returnees from Tel-melah, Tel-harsa, Cherub, Addan, and Immer lacked genealogical records (<em>sefer hayachas</em>) proving Israelite descent. The verb <em>nagad</em> (to declare, make known) in the causative sugge...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(59-63) Finally, those who had lost the records of their lineage are mentioned. Of the people, the children of three families from Tel-melah, *Hill of salt,* Tel-harsa, *Hill of the wood,* and a few other places, are mentioned. Of the priests, there are also three families without their genealogy.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 24 2Ch 24:1-14. Joash Reigns Well All the Days of Jehoiada. **1-3. Joash ... began to reign--**(See on 2Ki 12:1-3).

The children of Delaiah, the children of Tobiah, the children of Nekoda, six hundred fifty and two.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Delaiah, the children of Tobiah, the children of Nekoda, six hundred fifty and two</strong>—These 652 individuals claimed Israelite descent but lacked proof. <em>Delaiah</em> (דְּלָיָה) means "Yahweh has drawn up" or "delivered," <em>Tobiah</em> (טוֹבִיָּה) means "Yahweh is good," and <em>Nekoda</em> (נְקוֹדָא) means "distinguished" or "marked."<br><br>Ironically, their nam...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 24 2Ch 24:1-14. Joash Reigns Well All the Days of Jehoiada. **1-3. Joash ... began to reign--**(See on 2Ki 12:1-3).

And of the children of the priests: the children of Habaiah, the children of Koz, the children of Barzillai; which took a wife of the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite, and was called after their name:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And of the children of the priests: the children of Habaiah, the children of Koz, the children of Barzillai</strong>—The genealogical crisis deepens: even priests lacked documentation. <em>Habaiah</em> (חֲבַיָּה) means "Yahweh has hidden," <em>Koz</em> (קוֹץ) means "thorn," and <em>Barzillai</em> (בַּרְזִלַּי) means "iron" or "strong."<br><br>The third family took the name of <em>Barzillai...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(61) **Barzillai the Gileadite.**—See the well-known history in 2Samuel 17:27. **After their name.**—Rather, *after her name,* she having been probably an heiress.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-14. Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord--**(See on 2Ki 12:4-16). 2Ch 24:15, 16. Jehoiada Being Dead.

These sought their register among those that were reckoned by genealogy, but they were not found: therefore were they, as polluted, put from the priesthood. were they: Heb. they were polluted from the priesthood

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>These sought their register among those that were reckoned by genealogy, but they were not found: therefore were they, as polluted, put from the priesthood</strong>—The Hebrew <em>yitchasem</em> (their genealogical registration) was searched but not found (לֹא נִמְצָא). The verb <em>ga'al</em> (polluted/defiled) carries cultic overtones: ritual impurity disqualifying from sacred service.<b...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(62) **Their register among those that were reckoned by genealogy.**—Better, *their record, or the record of the Enregistered.* **Polluted.**—Levitically disqualified.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-14. Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord--**(See on 2Ki 12:4-16). 2Ch 24:15, 16. Jehoiada Being Dead.

And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim and with Thummim. Tirshatha: or, governor

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim and with Thummim</strong>—The <em>Tirshatha</em> (תִּרְשָׁתָא, Persian title meaning "governor," likely Zerubbabel or Sheshbazzar) prohibited these questionable priests from eating the <em>qodesh ha-qodashim</em> (most holy things)—portions reserved for Aaronide priest...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(63) **Tirshatha.**—Interchangeable with *Pechah,* or *governor,* as Zerubbabel is called in chapter 5:14 and always in Haggai. It is probably an old Persian term, signifying “The Feared.” **With Urim and with Thummim.**—See Exodus 28:30. They were pronounced to be excluded from priestly functions. Without ark or temple, the people had not as yet that special presence of Jehovah before which the h...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-14. Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord--**(See on 2Ki 12:4-16). 2Ch 24:15, 16. Jehoiada Being Dead.

The whole congregation together was forty and two thousand three hundred and threescore,

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KJV Study Commentary

The total count 'The whole congregation together was forty and two thousand three hundred and threescore' provides precise number. This wasn't mere estimate but careful count, demonstrating administrative precision. The number (42,360) represents only a fraction of the exiled population—most chose to remain in Babylon. This selective return shows that genuine faith requires costly choice. The remn...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(64) This sum total is the same in Nehemiah; but the several sums in Ezra make 29,818, and in Nehemiah 31,089. The apocryphal Esdras agrees in the total, but makes in the particulars 33,950, adding that children below twelve were not reckoned. Many expedients of reconciliation have been adopted; but it is better to suppose that errors had crept into the original documents.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-14. Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord--**(See on 2Ki 12:4-16). 2Ch 24:15, 16. Jehoiada Being Dead.

Beside their servants and their maids, of whom there were seven thousand three hundred thirty and seven: and there were among them two hundred singing men and singing women.

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KJV Study Commentary

Additional count: 'Beside their servants and their maids, of whom there were seven thousand three hundred thirty and seven.' Including servants shows the total community was nearly 50,000. The servants' inclusion demonstrates that the restoration community wasn't exclusively ethnic Israel but included those economically connected. The distinction between primary returnees and servants maintains so...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(65) The Rabbis accounted for these “ut lætior esset Israelitarum reditus,” in order that the return of the Israelites might be more joyful; but they were hired for lamentation as well as joy; and here, possibly, to supply the defect of Levites. In Nehemiah (Nehemiah 7:67) there are 245: see for the probable reason of the mistranscription the 245 of the next verse in that chapter.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-14. Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord--**(See on 2Ki 12:4-16). 2Ch 24:15, 16. Jehoiada Being Dead.

Their horses were seven hundred thirty and six; their mules, two hundred forty and five;

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KJV Study Commentary

The animal count begins: 'Their horses were seven hundred thirty and six.' The precision (736 horses) demonstrates administrative thoroughness. Horses were valuable—used for transportation, military purposes, and status symbols. That the community possessed hundreds of horses shows material resources accompanied the return. God provided not just permission but practical means for the journey and s...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-14. Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord--**(See on 2Ki 12:4-16). 2Ch 24:15, 16. Jehoiada Being Dead.

Their camels, four hundred thirty and five; their asses, six thousand seven hundred and twenty.

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KJV Study Commentary

The livestock continues: 'Their mules, two hundred forty and five.' Mules (crossbreed of horse and donkey) were valuable work animals. The possession of 245 mules demonstrates agricultural and transportation capacity. The accumulating inventory (horses, mules) shows God provided comprehensive resources for the enormous tasks ahead. Material provision accompanied spiritual calling.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(67) The asses, as throughout earlier Hebrew history, are the chief and most numerous beasts of burden.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-14. Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord--**(See on 2Ki 12:4-16). 2Ch 24:15, 16. Jehoiada Being Dead.

And some of the chief of the fathers, when they came to the house of the LORD which is at Jerusalem, offered freely for the house of God to set it up in his place:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Voluntary Offerings for God's House</strong><br><br>This verse captures a remarkable moment of sacrificial generosity: the leaders (<em>roshei ha'avot</em>, "heads of the fathers") giving freely (<em>hitnaddavu</em>—from the root <em>nadav</em>, meaning "to volunteer" or "offer willingly") for the rebuilding of the temple. The phrase "offered freely" emphasizes the spontaneous, cheerful na...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(68) They came to the site of the house not yet built, and offered for the building.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-14. Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord--**(See on 2Ki 12:4-16). 2Ch 24:15, 16. Jehoiada Being Dead.

They gave after their ability unto the treasure of the work threescore and one thousand drams of gold, and five thousand pound of silver, and one hundred priests' garments.

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KJV Study Commentary

The voluntary offerings: 'They gave after their ability unto the treasure of the work threescore and one thousand drams of gold, and five thousand pound of silver, and one hundred priests' garments.' The phrase 'after their ability' shows proportionate giving based on resources. The amounts—61,000 gold drams and 5,000 pounds of silver—represent enormous wealth. The priests' garments shows attentio...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(69) The dram being a daric of a little more than our guinea, and the pound, or maneh, a little more than £4. the whole would be nearly £90,000, and not an exorbitant sum for a community far from poor. But Nehemiah c statement is smaller, and probably more correct. **One hundred priests’ garments.**—An almost necessary correction or supply in the defective text of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 7:70) makes hi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-14. Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord--**(See on 2Ki 12:4-16). 2Ch 24:15, 16. Jehoiada Being Dead.

So the priests, and the Levites, and some of the people, and the singers, and the porters, and the Nethinims, dwelt in their cities, and all Israel in their cities.

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KJV Study Commentary

The settling: 'So the priests, and the Levites, and some of the people, and the singers, and the porters, and the Nethinims, dwelt in their cities, and all Israel in their cities.' The comprehensive list shows all categories of returnees established themselves in ancestral territories. The phrase 'all Israel in their cities' emphasizes completeness—despite only two tribes numerically significant, ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(70) **Some of the people.**—*Those of the people;* placed by Nehemiah after all the others. **All Israel in their cities.**—The emphasis lies in the fact that, though Judah and Benjamin contributed the largest part, it was a national revival; and the constant repetition of “in their cities” has in it the same note of triumph. **Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers Text Courtesy of BibleSupp...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-14. Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord--**(See on 2Ki 12:4-16). 2Ch 24:15, 16. Jehoiada Being Dead.

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