About Ezekiel

Ezekiel proclaimed God's judgment from Babylon, using dramatic visions and symbolic acts, while promising future restoration.

Author: EzekielWritten: c. 593-571 BCReading time: ~3 minVerses: 21
Glory of GodJudgmentRestorationNew HeartSovereigntyTemple

Places in This Chapter

View map →
Babylon 1(Settlement)Cush 1(Region)Egypt(Region)Migdol 3(Settlement)Nile(River)Pathros(Region)Syene(Settlement)Tyre(Settlement)

King James Version

Ezekiel 29

21 verses with commentary

Prophecy Against Egypt

1

In the tenth year, in the tenth month, in the twelfth day of the month, the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,

View commentary
The precise dating formula ('tenth year, tenth month, twelfth day') establishes prophetic credibility and historical specificity. This oracle came in January 587 BC, during Jerusalem's final siege. Egypt's political role made her a false refuge for Judah—trusting Egypt rather than God exemplified covenant unfaithfulness. This prophecy reveals that all false securities face divine judgment.
2

Son of man, set thy face against Pharaoh king of Egypt, and prophesy against him, and against all Egypt:

View commentary
God commands Ezekiel to 'set thy face against Pharaoh' and 'all Egypt,' demonstrating that judgment addresses both leaders and systems. Egypt represented worldly power, wisdom, and wealth—all alternatives to trusting God. Prophesying against Egypt confronted Judah's residual Egypt-dependence, revealing that God alone is reliable refuge.
3

Speak, and say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, Pharaoh king of Egypt, the great dragon that lieth in the midst of his rivers, which hath said, My river is mine own, and I have made it for myself.

View commentary
The 'great dragon' (Hebrew 'tannin'—sea monster/crocodile) represents Pharaoh. Egypt's Nile crocodiles symbolized Egyptian power. Pharaoh's claim 'My river is mine own, I have made it' epitomizes prideful self-sufficiency—attributing divine blessings to human achievement. This arrogance brings judgment, as God will not share glory with created beings (Isaiah 42:8).
4

But I will put hooks in thy jaws, and I will cause the fish of thy rivers to stick unto thy scales, and I will bring thee up out of the midst of thy rivers, and all the fish of thy rivers shall stick unto thy scales.

View commentary
God will put 'hooks in thy jaws' and bring Pharaoh up from his river with fish clinging to his scales. This vivid imagery depicts Egypt's capture and deportation along with her allies. The fish represent nations dependent on Egypt who would share her fate. God's sovereignty extends to controlling and judging the mightiest earthly powers.
5

And I will leave thee thrown into the wilderness, thee and all the fish of thy rivers: thou shalt fall upon the open fields; thou shalt not be brought together, nor gathered: I have given thee for meat to the beasts of the field and to the fowls of the heaven. open: Heb. face of the field

View commentary
Egypt would be left desolate, cast into the wilderness like a dead crocodile, unburied and exposed to scavengers. Denial of proper burial represented the ultimate indignity in ancient Near Eastern culture. This judgment reveals that pride brings humiliation—those who exalt themselves will be abased (Luke 14:11). God's judgments fit the crime symbolically.
6

And all the inhabitants of Egypt shall know that I am the LORD, because they have been a staff of reed to the house of Israel.

View commentary
The metaphor shifts: Egypt was a 'staff of reed' (weak, unreliable support) to Israel. Reed staffs appear strong but collapse under weight, piercing the hand that leans on them. This perfectly describes Egypt's political unreliability—promising help but failing in crisis. The covenant formula 'they shall know that I am the LORD' shows even judgment serves revelatory purposes.
7

When they took hold of thee by thy hand, thou didst break, and rend all their shoulder: and when they leaned upon thee, thou brakest, and madest all their loins to be at a stand.

View commentary
This verse elaborates the reed-staff metaphor: when Israel leaned on Egypt, it broke and tore their shoulder, making them unstable ('made all their loins to be at a stand'—paralyzed their strength). False dependencies don't just fail—they actively harm. Every reliance on creature-help rather than God compounds problems. Only God provides reliable support.
8

Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will bring a sword upon thee, and cut off man and beast out of thee.

View commentary
Egypt would face 'sword' judgment—war, destruction, and population decimation. The parallel with Israel's judgment reveals God's impartiality: He judges all nations by the same righteous standards. Egypt's judgment actually less severe than Jerusalem's—they would remain a nation (verse 14), while Judah faced complete exile. This shows God's special discipline of His own people.
9

And the land of Egypt shall be desolate and waste; and they shall know that I am the LORD: because he hath said, The river is mine, and I have made it.

View commentary
Egypt's desolation stems from Pharaoh's prideful claim 'the river is mine, and I have made it.' Attributing God's provision to human achievement is the essence of idolatry—making self the ultimate source and authority. Such pride necessitates divine correction through humbling circumstances. God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble (James 4:6).
10

Behold, therefore I am against thee, and against thy rivers, and I will make the land of Egypt utterly waste and desolate, from the tower of Syene even unto the border of Ethiopia. utterly: Heb. wastes of waste from: or, from Migdol to Syene Syene: Heb. Seveneh

View commentary
God promises judgment 'from the tower of Syene even unto the border of Ethiopia'—from Egypt's northern to southern extremity. The comprehensiveness of judgment reflects the totality of Egypt's pride. The phrase 'I am against thee' appears repeatedly in these oracles, revealing divine hostility toward systems and powers that oppose His purposes or mislead His people.
11

No foot of man shall pass through it, nor foot of beast shall pass through it, neither shall it be inhabited forty years.

View commentary
No foot of man shall pass through it, nor foot of beast shall pass through it, neither shall it be inhabited forty years predicts extreme desolation lasting forty years. The number forty appears frequently in Scripture as a period of testing, judgment, or transition (flood, wilderness wandering, Nineveh's warning, Christ's temptation). Neither human nor animal will traverse Egypt for this period—indicating complete abandonment. The specificity (forty years) demonstrates this isn't poetic exaggeration but literal prophecy. Uninhabited means population removed through deportation and destruction.
12

And I will make the land of Egypt desolate in the midst of the countries that are desolate, and her cities among the cities that are laid waste shall be desolate forty years: and I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and will disperse them through the countries.

View commentary
And I will make the land of Egypt desolate in the midst of the countries that are desolate compares Egypt's fate to other judged nations. And her cities among the cities that are laid waste shall be desolate forty years reiterates the time period. And I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and will disperse them through the countries predicts diaspora—population scattered in exile. This mirrors Israel's earlier judgment (Assyrian and Babylonian exiles). God applies the same justice to all peoples. Nations that judge Israel find themselves judged identically. The oppressor experiences what they inflicted—poetic justice.
13

Yet thus saith the Lord GOD; At the end of forty years will I gather the Egyptians from the people whither they were scattered:

View commentary
Yet thus saith the Lord GOD; At the end of forty years will I gather the Egyptians from the people whither they were scattered introduces hope. Unlike Israel's permanent exile of northern kingdom, Egypt will be restored after forty years. This demonstrates measured justice—judgment is severe but not eternal. God's justice is perfectly calibrated, not excessive. The promise of gathering after forty years shows that judgment serves remedial purposes. God disciplines to correct, not merely to punish. Even pagan nations receive measured judgment designed to accomplish divine purposes rather than vindictive destruction.
14

And I will bring again the captivity of Egypt, and will cause them to return into the land of Pathros, into the land of their habitation; and they shall be there a base kingdom. habitation: or, birth base: Heb. low

View commentary
And I will bring again the captivity of Egypt, and will cause them to return into the land of Pathros promises restoration. Into the land of their habitation specifies return to homeland. Pathros was Upper (southern) Egypt. And they shall be there a base kingdom declares Egypt's reduced status. Base (shefelah) means lowly, humble, insignificant. Egypt will exist but never again as a superpower. This is permanent humbling. God grants restoration but not return to former glory. Egypt survives but as a minor power. Pride is permanently broken. The nation continues but greatness is lost forever.
15

It shall be the basest of the kingdoms; neither shall it exalt itself any more above the nations: for I will diminish them, that they shall no more rule over the nations.

View commentary
It shall be the basest of the kingdoms repeats and intensifies verse 14. Neither shall it exalt itself any more above the nations promises permanent humility. Egypt's imperial ambitions are permanently ended. For I will diminish them, that they shall no more rule over the nations explains how—God will reduce Egypt's power so dominance is impossible. Divine reduction prevents future exaltation. When God humbles, He humbles permanently. No human effort can restore what God has permanently diminished. This is sobering: some consequences of sin last forever. Restoration doesn't always mean return to former status.
16

And it shall be no more the confidence of the house of Israel, which bringeth their iniquity to remembrance, when they shall look after them: but they shall know that I am the Lord GOD.

View commentary
And it shall be no more the confidence of the house of Israel promises Israel will stop trusting Egypt for military help. Which bringeth their iniquity to remembrance, when they shall look after them explains why Egypt must be humbled—to prevent Israel's recurring temptation to trust Egypt rather than God. Egypt's reduction serves Israel's sanctification. God judges pagan nations partly to remove temptations from His people. Accessible idols must be removed. When we persistently turn to wrong sources for help, God may remove those sources to force us back to Himself. This is severe mercy.
17

And it came to pass in the seven and twentieth year, in the first month, in the first day of the month, the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,

View commentary
But they shall know that I am the Lord GOD concludes with the recognition formula. Through Egypt's humbling, Israel learns that Yahweh alone deserves trust. The entire Egyptian judgment serves pedagogical purposes for Israel—teaching through example not to trust human power. God's judgments on other nations often serve to instruct His people. We should learn from others' judgments rather than repeat their errors. Observing divine justice should produce wisdom—if God judges them for that, He'll judge us for it too. Egypt's permanent humbling teaches: trust God alone.