King James Version

What Does Romans 9:10 Mean?

Romans 9:10 in the King James Version says “And not only this; but when Rebecca also had conceived by one , even by our father Isaac; — study this verse from Romans chapter 9 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And not only this; but when Rebecca also had conceived by one , even by our father Isaac;

Romans 9:10 · KJV


Context

8

That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.

9

For this is the word of promise, At this time will I come, and Sarah shall have a son.

10

And not only this; but when Rebecca also had conceived by one , even by our father Isaac;

11

(For the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth;)

12

It was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger. elder: or, greater elder: or, greater younger: or, lesser


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And not only this; but when Rebecca also had conceived by one, even by our father Isaac—Paul escalates the argument. The Ishmael/Isaac distinction might be explained by different mothers (slave vs. free), but the next example removes that variable. Rebecca conceived twins ex henos (ἐξ ἑνός, 'from one man'), Isaac. Same father, same mother, same conception—yet God chose between them. This intensifies the sovereignty theme.

The phrase koitēn echousa (κοίτην ἔχουσα, 'having conception') emphasizes the unity: one act of conception produced both sons. No external factor differentiates them—not parentage, not chronology of conception, not prenatal behavior. Yet God elected Jacob before birth. The ground of election must be God's sovereign will alone, not foreseen merit.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Genesis 25:19-26 records the oracle to Rebecca during pregnancy: 'Two nations are in thy womb, and two manner of people shall be separated from thy bowels; and the one people shall be stronger than the other people; and the elder shall serve the younger' (Genesis 25:23). God's choice preceded birth.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the Rebecca example eliminate every possible ground for election except God's sovereign choice?
  2. Why is it crucial that God's choice was made 'from one' conception rather than different mothers?
  3. What does this teach about the timing of election (before birth, before works)?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 14 words
οὐ1 of 14

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

μόνον2 of 14

only

G3440

merely

δέ3 of 14

And

G1161

but, and, etc

ἀλλὰ4 of 14

this but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

καὶ5 of 14

also

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

Ῥεβέκκα6 of 14

when Rebecca

G4479

rebecca (i.e., ribkah), the wife of isaac

ἐξ7 of 14

by

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

ἑνὸς8 of 14

one

G1520

one

κοίτην9 of 14

had conceived

G2845

a couch; by extension, cohabitation; by implication, the male sperm

ἔχουσα10 of 14
G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

Ἰσαὰκ11 of 14

Isaac

G2464

isaac (i.e., jitschak), the son of abraham

τοῦ12 of 14
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πατρὸς13 of 14

father

G3962

a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)

ἡμῶν·14 of 14

even by our

G2257

of (or from) us


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 9:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 9:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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