King James Version

What Does Revelation 10:2 Mean?

Revelation 10:2 in the King James Version says “And he had in his hand a little book open: and he set his right foot upon the sea, and his left foot on the earth, — study this verse from Revelation chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And he had in his hand a little book open: and he set his right foot upon the sea, and his left foot on the earth,

Revelation 10:2 · KJV


Context

1

And I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud: and a rainbow was upon his head, and his face was as it were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire:

2

And he had in his hand a little book open: and he set his right foot upon the sea, and his left foot on the earth,

3

And cried with a loud voice, as when a lion roareth: and when he had cried, seven thunders uttered their voices.

4

And when the seven thunders had uttered their voices, I was about to write: and I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Seal up those things which the seven thunders uttered, and write them not.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he had in his hand a little book open: and he set his right foot upon the sea, and his left foot on the earth,... This verse from Revelation's vision of angel with little book - mystery of god completed, prophetic commission renewed employs apocalyptic imagery rich with Old Testament allusions and symbolic meaning. The Greek text uses vivid apocalyptic language characteristic of Jewish prophetic literature, drawing heavily from Daniel, Ezekiel, Isaiah, and Zechariah.

The symbolism must be interpreted within its first-century context while recognizing timeless spiritual realities. The imagery would resonate powerfully with persecuted believers facing Roman imperial cult worship, providing hope that despite present suffering, Christ reigns sovereign and will consummate His kingdom. The apocalyptic genre uses symbolic numbers (seven, twelve, 144,000), colors, beasts, and cosmic imagery to convey theological truth rather than photographic descriptions.

Christologically, Revelation consistently exalts Jesus as the victorious Lamb, the faithful witness, the King of kings and Lord of lords. Every vision ultimately points to Christ's supremacy, His finished redemptive work, and His certain return to judge the living and dead and establish the new creation.

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Historical & Cultural Context

John received this revelation circa AD 95 during Domitian's persecution, exiled on Patmos for his testimony. The seven churches of Asia Minor faced increasing pressure to participate in emperor worship and pagan religious practices. Refusal meant economic hardship, social ostracism, and potential martyrdom. Understanding this context illuminates Revelation's encouragement to faithful endurance.

The apocalyptic genre was familiar to first-century Jewish and Christian readers. Rather than newspaper-style predictions, apocalyptic literature uses symbolic imagery to reveal spiritual realities behind earthly events, encourage the faithful, warn the unfaithful, and assert God's ultimate sovereignty over history. Parallels with Daniel, Ezekiel, and intertestamental apocalyptic writings would help original readers decode the symbols.

Rome's imperial cult demanded worship of Caesar as divine, placing Christians in impossible situations—compromise their faith or face persecution. Revelation identifies Rome as "Babylon" and assures believers that despite appearances, the Lamb conquered through His death and resurrection, and all earthly kingdoms will submit to His reign.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Revelation 10:2 reveal God's character, particularly His sovereignty, holiness, and justice?
  2. What specific encouragement or warning does this verse offer for maintaining faithful Christian witness amid cultural pressure?
  3. How does this passage point to Christ's victory and the hope of new creation, and how should that shape your present priorities?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 24 words
καὶ1 of 24

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

εἴχεν2 of 24

he had

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

ἐν3 of 24

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῇ4 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

χειρὶ5 of 24

hand

G5495

the hand (literally or figuratively (power); especially (by hebraism) a means or instrument)

αὐτοῦ6 of 24
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

βιβλαρίδιον7 of 24

a little book

G974

a booklet

ἀνεῳγμένον·8 of 24

open

G455

to open up (literally or figuratively, in various applications)

καὶ9 of 24

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἔθηκεν10 of 24

he set

G5087

to place (in the widest application, literally and figuratively; properly, in a passive or horizontal posture, and thus different from g2476, which pr

τὸν11 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πόδα12 of 24

foot

G4228

a "foot" (figuratively or literally)

αὐτοῦ13 of 24
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

τὸν14 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δεξιὸν15 of 24

right

G1188

the right side or (feminine) hand (as that which usually takes)

ἐπὶ16 of 24

foot on

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

τὴν17 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

θάλασσαν,18 of 24

the sea

G2281

the sea (genitive case or specially)

τὸν19 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ20 of 24

and

G1161

but, and, etc

εὐώνυμον21 of 24

his left

G2176

properly, well-named (good-omened), i.e., the left (which was the lucky side among the pagan greeks); neuter as adverbial, at the left hand

ἐπὶ22 of 24

foot on

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

τὴν23 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γῆν,24 of 24

the earth

G1093

soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe (including the occupants in each application)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Revelation. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Revelation 10:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Revelation 10:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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