King James Version

What Does Psalms 139:20 Mean?

Psalms 139:20 in the King James Version says “For they speak against thee wickedly, and thine enemies take thy name in vain. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 139 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

For they speak against thee wickedly, and thine enemies take thy name in vain.

Psalms 139:20 · KJV


Context

18

If I should count them, they are more in number than the sand: when I awake, I am still with thee.

19

Surely thou wilt slay the wicked, O God: depart from me therefore, ye bloody men.

20

For they speak against thee wickedly, and thine enemies take thy name in vain.

21

Do not I hate them, O LORD, that hate thee? and am not I grieved with those that rise up against thee?

22

I hate them with perfect hatred: I count them mine enemies.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For they speak against thee wickedly, and thine enemies take thy name in vain. This verse explains why David prays for judgment: the wicked don't just harm people but blaspheme God. Speak against thee wickedly (לִמְזִמָּה, limzimmah) carries the idea of plotting, scheming with malicious intent—not casual irreverence but calculated rebellion. Thine enemies (עָרֶיךָ, arecha) are God's adversaries, not merely David's.

Take thy name in vain (נָשְׂאוּ לַשָּׁוְא, nas'u lashav) violates the third commandment (Exodus 20:7)—using God's name for empty, deceptive purposes or treating it with contempt. The wicked invoke God's name to legitimize their evil schemes. For David, God's honor is at stake; this isn't about personal offense but defending divine glory. Those intimate with God (vv. 1-18) cannot be neutral when His name is profaned.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Throughout Israel's history, false prophets and wicked leaders used God's name to authorize injustice (Jeremiah 23:16-17, Ezekiel 13:6-7). In David's time, rival claimants to the throne may have invoked YHWH's name falsely. Jesus faced similar blasphemy from religious leaders who claimed God's authority while rejecting God's Son.

Reflection Questions

  1. In what subtle ways might you be 'taking God's name in vain' by claiming His authority for your own agenda?
  2. How does deep intimacy with God (vv. 1-18) create intolerance for seeing His name profaned by others?
  3. What is your responsibility when you witness God's name or character being misrepresented?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
אֲשֶׁ֣ר1 of 6
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יֹ֭מְרוּךָ2 of 6

For they speak

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לִמְזִמָּ֑ה3 of 6

against thee wickedly

H4209

a plan, usually evil (machination), sometimes good (sagacity)

נָשׂ֖וּא4 of 6

take

H5375

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

לַשָּׁ֣וְא5 of 6

thy name in vain

H7723

evil (as destructive), literally (ruin) or morally (especially guile); figuratively idolatry (as false, subjective), uselessness (as deceptive, object

עָרֶֽיךָ׃6 of 6

and thine enemies

H6145

a foe (as watchful for mischief)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 139:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 139:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study