King James Version

What Does Psalms 120:4 Mean?

Psalms 120:4 in the King James Version says “Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper. Sharp: or, It is as the sharp arrows of the mighty man, with coals of... — study this verse from Psalms chapter 120 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper. Sharp: or, It is as the sharp arrows of the mighty man, with coals of juniper

Psalms 120:4 · KJV


Context

2

Deliver my soul, O LORD, from lying lips, and from a deceitful tongue.

3

What shall be given unto thee? or what shall be done unto thee, thou false tongue? What shall be given: or, What shall the deceitful tongue give unto thee? or, what shall is profit thee? done: Heb. added

4

Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper. Sharp: or, It is as the sharp arrows of the mighty man, with coals of juniper

5

Woe is me, that I sojourn in Mesech, that I dwell in the tents of Kedar!

6

My soul hath long dwelt with him that hateth peace.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
God's judgment against the deceitful tongue is described with vivid military imagery: 'Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper.' The 'sharp arrows' represent God's precise, inescapable judgment - arrows find their target at distance, suggesting that liars cannot escape divine justice. The 'coals of juniper' (or 'broom tree' in some translations) reference wood known for intense, long-lasting heat. Juniper coals were prized for their enduring fire. The imagery suggests that divine judgment will be both sharp/sudden (arrows) and prolonged/consuming (coals). This poetic justice reflects the principle of lex talionis (law of retaliation) - the deceitful tongue that spreads verbal fire will experience consuming fire in return. The punishment fits the crime: as false words wounded, so sharp arrows wound; as slander spread like fire, so judicial fire consumes.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Arrows and fire were common weapons in ancient warfare. The combination emphasizes both offensive assault (arrows) and total destruction (fire). Juniper/broom trees grew abundantly in the wilderness and were highly valued for fuel. The imagery would resonate with an agricultural society familiar with these elements of daily and military life.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the imagery of 'sharp arrows' and 'coals of juniper' communicate both immediacy and duration of judgment?
  2. What does this poetic justice reveal about God's character as righteous judge?
  3. How does the principle of proportionate punishment (measure for measure) apply to sins of speech?
  4. In what ways does New Testament teaching about judgment affirm or nuance this Old Testament perspective?
  5. How should awareness of divine judgment against deceit shape our own speech patterns?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
חִצֵּ֣י1 of 6

arrows

H2671

properly, a piercer, i.e., an arrow; by implication, a wound; figuratively, (of god) thunder-bolt; the shaft of a spear

גִבּ֣וֹר2 of 6

of the mighty

H1368

powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant

שְׁנוּנִ֑ים3 of 6

Sharp

H8150

to point (transitive or intransitive); intensively, to pierce; figuratively, to inculcate

עִ֝֗ם4 of 6
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

גַּחֲלֵ֥י5 of 6

with coals

H1513

an ember

רְתָמִֽים׃6 of 6

of juniper

H7574

the spanish broom (from its pole-like stems)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 120:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 120:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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