King James Version

What Does Psalms 109:12 Mean?

Psalms 109:12 in the King James Version says “Let there be none to extend mercy unto him: neither let there be any to favour his fatherless children. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 109 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Let there be none to extend mercy unto him: neither let there be any to favour his fatherless children.

Psalms 109:12 · KJV


Context

10

Let his children be continually vagabonds, and beg: let them seek their bread also out of their desolate places.

11

Let the extortioner catch all that he hath; and let the strangers spoil his labour.

12

Let there be none to extend mercy unto him: neither let there be any to favour his fatherless children.

13

Let his posterity be cut off; and in the generation following let their name be blotted out.

14

Let the iniquity of his fathers be remembered with the LORD; and let not the sin of his mother be blotted out.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Let there be none to extend mercy unto him (אַל־יְהִי־לוֹ מֹשֵׁךְ חָסֶד, al-yehi-lo moshech chased)—literally "let there be no one drawing out chesed to him." The verb מָשַׁךְ (mashach, "extend, draw out") with חֶסֶד (chesed, "covenant loyalty, steadfast love") depicts someone reaching out with loyal love. David prays this be withheld. Neither let there be any to favour his fatherless children (וְאַל־יְהִי חוֹנֵן לִיתוֹמָיו, ve'al-yehi chonen liyetomav)—חָנַן (chanan, "show favor, be gracious") is denied even to orphans.

This seems harsh until we grasp covenant theology: the persecutor showed no חֶסֶד to those who showed him chesed (v. 5). He violated the fundamental covenant principle—therefore covenant privileges are forfeited. Yet God's character transcends this: He remains "the father of the fatherless" (Ps 68:5) even for children of the wicked. David's prayer reflects temporal judgment and social isolation, not eternal damnation for the innocent. The prayer highlights the persecutor's legacy: he creates a family no one wants to help.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Israelite society depended on kinsman-redeemer systems (גֹּאֵל, go'el) and covenant community support for widows and orphans. To have "none to extend mercy" meant complete social ostracism—the community withdrawing from one who betrayed community bonds.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the withdrawal of chesed (covenant loyalty) illustrate the relational consequences of betraying trust?
  2. What tension exists between praying for an enemy's isolation and God's character as defender of the fatherless?
  3. How does our treatment of the vulnerable reveal whether we truly understand chesed?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
אַל1 of 9
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

יְהִי2 of 9
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

ל֭וֹ3 of 9
H0
מֹשֵׁ֣ךְ4 of 9

Let there be none to extend

H4900

to draw, used in a great variety of applications (including to sow, to sound, to prolong, to develop, to march, to remove, to delay, to be tall, etc.)

חָ֑סֶד5 of 9

mercy

H2617

kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty

וְֽאַל6 of 9
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

יְהִ֥י7 of 9
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

ח֝וֹנֵ֗ן8 of 9

unto him neither let there be any to favour

H2603

properly, to bend or stoop in kindness to an inferior; to favor, bestow; causatively to implore (i.e., move to favor by petition)

לִיתוֹמָֽיו׃9 of 9

his fatherless children

H3490

a bereaved person


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 109:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 109:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study