King James Version

What Does Psalms 106:19 Mean?

Psalms 106:19 in the King James Version says “They made a calf in Horeb, and worshipped the molten image. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 106 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

They made a calf in Horeb, and worshipped the molten image.

Psalms 106:19 · KJV


Context

17

The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of Abiram.

18

And a fire was kindled in their company; the flame burned up the wicked.

19

They made a calf in Horeb, and worshipped the molten image.

20

Thus they changed their glory into the similitude of an ox that eateth grass.

21

They forgat God their saviour, which had done great things in Egypt;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This verse recounts the golden calf incident (Exodus 32). 'They made a calf in Horeb' refers to the golden calf Aaron fashioned while Moses was on Mount Sinai receiving the Law. 'Horeb' is another name for Sinai. 'Worshipped the molten image' shows they bowed to a metal statue—violating the second commandment before Moses even descended with the tablets. The irony is devastating: while God was establishing covenant law prohibiting idolatry, the people were committing idolatry at the mountain's base. This demonstrates human depravity—even immediately after redemption from Egypt and miraculous provision, they reverted to pagan worship. It also shows that even God's redeemed people are capable of shocking apostasy apart from His sustaining grace.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Exodus 32 records that after 40 days, the people grew impatient with Moses's absence and demanded Aaron make them 'gods to go before us.' Aaron collected gold earrings, fashioned a calf, and proclaimed 'These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt' (Exodus 32:4). The people offered sacrifices and 'rose up to play'—likely including sexual immorality. Moses interceded to prevent God's total destruction of the nation. Three thousand died in judgment (Exodus 32:28).

Reflection Questions

  1. How could Israel commit idolatry so soon after witnessing God's power at the Red Sea?
  2. What does the golden calf incident teach about human depravity and spiritual instability?
  3. In what ways do believers today create 'golden calves'—substitute gods to worship?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 5 words
יַעֲשׂוּ1 of 5

They made

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

עֵ֥גֶל2 of 5

a calf

H5695

a (male) calf (as frisking round), especially one nearly grown (i.e., a steer)

בְּחֹרֵ֑ב3 of 5

in Horeb

H2722

choreb, a (generic) name for the sinaitic mountains

וַ֝יִּשְׁתַּחֲו֗וּ4 of 5

and worshipped

H7812

to depress, i.e., prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or god)

לְמַסֵּכָֽה׃5 of 5

the molten image

H4541

properly, a pouring over, i.e., fusion of metal (especially a cast image); by implication, a libation, i.e., league; concretely a coverlet (as if pour


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 106:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 106:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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