King James Version

What Does Exodus 32:4 Mean?

Exodus 32:4 in the King James Version says “And he received them at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and they s... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 32 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he received them at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and they said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.

Exodus 32:4 · KJV


Context

2

And Aaron said unto them, Break off the golden earrings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them unto me.

3

And all the people brake off the golden earrings which were in their ears, and brought them unto Aaron.

4

And he received them at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and they said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.

5

And when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation, and said, To morrow is a feast to the LORD.

6

And they rose up early on the morrow, and offered burnt offerings, and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Aaron's active role is clear: he 'received' (לָקַח, laqach), 'fashioned' (יָצַר, yatsar—the same word for God creating man in Gen 2:7), and 'made' (עָשָׂה, asah) the calf with a graving tool (חֶרֶט, cheret). His later excuse (v24) contradicts this detailed account. The proclamation אֵלֶּה אֱלֹהֶיךָ (eleh elohekha, these are your gods) echoes Israel's covenant language perversely, crediting the calf with the Exodus. The עֵגֶל מַסֵּכָה (egel masekah, molten calf) likely represented Apis, the Egyptian bull-god, or Canaanite Baal.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Bull imagery was common in ancient Near Eastern religion, representing fertility and strength. Jeroboam later established similar calves at Dan and Bethel (1 Kings 12:28-29), using nearly identical words.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you rationalize active participation in sin while denying responsibility?
  2. What modern 'golden calves' claim credit for God's work in your life?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
וַיִּקַּ֣ח1 of 16

And he received

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

מִיָּדָ֗ם2 of 16

them at their hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

וַיָּ֤צַר3 of 16
H3335

to mould into a form; especially as a potter; figuratively, to determine (i.e., form a resolution)

אֹתוֹ֙4 of 16
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בַּחֶ֔רֶט5 of 16

it with a graving tool

H2747

a chisel or graver; also a style for writing

וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֖הוּ6 of 16

after he had made

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

עֵ֣גֶל7 of 16

calf

H5695

a (male) calf (as frisking round), especially one nearly grown (i.e., a steer)

מַסֵּכָ֑ה8 of 16

it a molten

H4541

properly, a pouring over, i.e., fusion of metal (especially a cast image); by implication, a libation, i.e., league; concretely a coverlet (as if pour

וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ9 of 16

and they said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אֵ֤לֶּה10 of 16
H428

these or those

אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙11 of 16

These be thy gods

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל12 of 16

O Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

אֲשֶׁ֥ר13 of 16
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

הֶֽעֱל֖וּךָ14 of 16

which brought

H5927

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

מֵאֶ֥רֶץ15 of 16

thee up out of the land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

מִצְרָֽיִם׃16 of 16

of Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 32:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 32:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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