King James Version

What Does Psalms 106:20 Mean?

Psalms 106:20 in the King James Version says “Thus they changed their glory into the similitude of an ox that eateth grass. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 106 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thus they changed their glory into the similitude of an ox that eateth grass.

Psalms 106:20 · KJV


Context

18

And a fire was kindled in their company; the flame burned up the wicked.

19

They made a calf in Horeb, and worshipped the molten image.

20

Thus they changed their glory into the similitude of an ox that eateth grass.

21

They forgat God their saviour, which had done great things in Egypt;

22

Wondrous works in the land of Ham, and terrible things by the Red sea.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This verse interprets the golden calf's theological significance. 'Changed their glory' uses muwr (מוּר), meaning to exchange or substitute. 'Their glory' refers to Yahweh, Israel's glory and distinction among nations (Jeremiah 2:11). 'Into the similitude of an ox that eateth grass' emphasizes the absurdity—they exchanged the Creator for the image of a grass-eating animal. Paul echoes this in Romans 1:23: humanity 'changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things.' The fundamental sin is exchange—trading the infinite for the finite, the Creator for creation. This reveals idolatry's essential foolishness.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The calf likely represented Apis, the Egyptian bull-god, or imitated Canaanite Baal worship. Having lived 400 years in Egypt, Israel was steeped in pagan imagery. The golden calf showed they hadn't mentally separated from Egypt's gods despite physical deliverance. Jeroboam later repeated this sin when he set up golden calves at Dan and Bethel (1 Kings 12:28-30), demonstrating how patterns of idolatry recur across generations.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does it mean to 'exchange' God's glory for lesser things?
  2. How does idolatry fundamentally involve exchanging the infinite for the finite?
  3. What modern 'oxen' (created things) do people worship instead of the Creator?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
וַיָּמִ֥ירוּ1 of 7

Thus they changed

H4171

to alter; by implication, to barter, to dispose of

אֶת2 of 7
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כְּבוֹדָ֑ם3 of 7

their glory

H3519

properly, weight, but only figuratively in a good sense, splendor or copiousness

בְּתַבְנִ֥ית4 of 7

into the similitude

H8403

structure; by implication, a model, resemblance

שׁ֝֗וֹר5 of 7

of an ox

H7794

a bullock (as a traveller)

אֹכֵ֥ל6 of 7

that eateth

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

עֵֽשֶׂב׃7 of 7

grass

H6212

grass (or any tender shoot)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 106:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 106:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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