King James Version

What Does Proverbs 28:19 Mean?

Proverbs 28:19 in the King James Version says “He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough. — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 28 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough.

Proverbs 28:19 · KJV


Context

17

A man that doeth violence to the blood of any person shall flee to the pit; let no man stay him.

18

Whoso walketh uprightly shall be saved: but he that is perverse in his ways shall fall at once.

19

He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough.

20

A faithful man shall abound with blessings: but he that maketh haste to be rich shall not be innocent. innocent: or, unpunished

21

To have respect of persons is not good: for for a piece of bread that man will transgress.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread (עֹבֵד אַדְמָתוֹ יִשְׂבַּע־לָחֶם, oved admato yisba-lachem)—עָבַד (avad, 'to work, serve, till') the אֲדָמָה (adamah, 'ground, land, soil') produces שָׂבַע (sava, 'abundance, satisfaction') of לֶחֶם (lechem, 'bread, food'). This repeats Proverbs 12:11, emphasizing that honest labor yields provision. From Eden, humanity's mandate included work (Genesis 2:15); the curse made it toilsome (Genesis 3:17-19), but diligence still brings reward.

But he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough (וּמְרַדֵּף רֵיקִים יִשְׂבַּע־רִישׁ, umraddaf reiqim yisba-rish)—רָדַף (radaf, 'to pursue, chase after') רֵיק (req, 'empty, vain, worthless') people leads to שָׂבַע (sava, 'abundance') of רֵישׁ (resh, 'poverty, want'). Ironic parallelism: diligence brings plenty; chasing fantasies brings plenty—of poverty. Proverbs 13:20 warns: 'He that walketh with wise men shall be wise: but a companion of fools shall be destroyed.'

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Israel's agricultural economy made the contrast vivid: the farmer who worked his field prospered; the fool who chased schemes or loafed with idlers faced destitution. Paul's missionary work included tentmaking (Acts 18:3); he commanded, 'If any would not work, neither should he eat' (2 Thessalonians 3:10).

Reflection Questions

  1. What 'fields' has God given you to till—and are you working them diligently?
  2. Who are the 'vain persons' (empty people, get-rich-quick schemers) that might be distracting you from faithful labor?
  3. How does contentment with honest work combat the allure of shortcuts and schemes?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
עֹבֵ֣ד1 of 8

He that tilleth

H5647

to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc

אַ֭דְמָתוֹ2 of 8

his land

H127

soil (from its general redness)

יִֽשְׂבַּֽע3 of 8

shall have plenty

H7646

to sate, i.e., fill to satisfaction (literally or figuratively)

לָ֑חֶם4 of 8

of bread

H3899

food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)

וּמְרַדֵּ֥ף5 of 8

but he that followeth

H7291

to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively [of time] gone by)

רֵ֝יקִ֗ים6 of 8

after vain

H7386

empty; figuratively, worthless

יִֽשְׂבַּֽע7 of 8

shall have plenty

H7646

to sate, i.e., fill to satisfaction (literally or figuratively)

רִֽישׁ׃8 of 8

persons shall have poverty enough

H7389

poverty


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 28:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 28:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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