King James Version

What Does Proverbs 28:17 Mean?

Proverbs 28:17 in the King James Version says “A man that doeth violence to the blood of any person shall flee to the pit; let no man stay him. — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 28 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

A man that doeth violence to the blood of any person shall flee to the pit; let no man stay him.

Proverbs 28:17 · KJV


Context

15

As a roaring lion, and a ranging bear; so is a wicked ruler over the poor people.

16

The prince that wanteth understanding is also a great oppressor: but he that hateth covetousness shall prolong his days.

17

A man that doeth violence to the blood of any person shall flee to the pit; let no man stay him.

18

Whoso walketh uprightly shall be saved: but he that is perverse in his ways shall fall at once.

19

He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
A man that doeth violence to the blood of any person shall flee to the pit (אָדָם עָשֻׁק בְּדַם־נֶפֶשׁ עַד־בּוֹר יָנוּס, adam ashuq bedam-nefesh ad-bor yanus)—עָשַׁק (ashaq, 'oppressed, burdened') by דָּם (dam, 'blood') of נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh, 'soul, life, person') indicates guilt for murder. This one יָנוּס (yanus, 'flees, runs away') to the בּוֹר (bor, 'pit, cistern, grave')—whether execution or death fleeing justice.

Let no man stay him (אַל־יִתְמְכוּ־בוֹ, al-yitmeku-vo)—the prohibition: none should תָּמַךְ (tamakh, 'support, uphold, sustain') the murderer. This is not vigilante violence but rejection of harboring the guilty. Cities of refuge (Numbers 35) protected the accidental killer but not the intentional murderer. Genesis 9:6 establishes the sanctity of human life: 'Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed.'

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Israel's law distinguished intentional murder from accidental homicide (Exodus 21:12-14, Deuteronomy 19:1-13). Cities of refuge protected the latter; the former faced execution. The avenger of blood pursued murderers who forfeited the right to protection. This proverb reinforces capital punishment for murder, established from Noah onward (Genesis 9:6).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this proverb uphold the sanctity and value of human life?
  2. What does it mean to 'stay' (support) someone who is guilty of bloodshed—and why is this forbidden?
  3. How should justice and mercy interact when dealing with violent offenders?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
אָ֭דָם1 of 10

A man

H120

ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

עָשֻׁ֣ק2 of 10

that doeth violence

H6231

to press upon, i.e., oppress, defraud, violate, overflow

בְּדַם3 of 10

to the blood

H1818

blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe

נָ֑פֶשׁ4 of 10

of any person

H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

עַד5 of 10
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

בּ֥וֹר6 of 10

to the pit

H953

a pit hole (especially one used as a cistern or a prison)

יָ֝נ֗וּס7 of 10

shall flee

H5127

to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)

אַל8 of 10
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

יִתְמְכוּ9 of 10

let no man stay

H8551

to sustain; by implication, to obtain, keep fast; figuratively, to help, follow close

בֽוֹ׃10 of 10
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 28:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 28:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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