King James Version

What Does Proverbs 17:21 Mean?

He that begetteth a fool doeth it to his sorrow: and the father of a fool hath no joy. — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

He that begetteth a fool doeth it to his sorrow: and the father of a fool hath no joy.

Proverbs 17:21 · King James Version


Context

19

He loveth transgression that loveth strife: and he that exalteth his gate seeketh destruction.

20

He that hath a froward heart findeth no good: and he that hath a perverse tongue falleth into mischief. He that hath a froward: Heb. The froward of heart

21

He that begetteth a fool doeth it to his sorrow: and the father of a fool hath no joy.

22

A merry heart doeth good like a medicine: but a broken spirit drieth the bones. like: or, to

23

A wicked man taketh a gift out of the bosom to pervert the ways of judgment.


Commentaries2 scholars

KJV Study CommentaryPublic Domain
He that begetteth a fool doeth it to his sorrow: and the father of a fool hath no joy. Yoled kesil letugah lo (יוֹלֵד כְּסִיל לְתוּגָה לוֹ, begetting a fool—sorrow to him). Foolish children bring parental grief. Velo-yismach avi naval (וְלֹא־יִשְׂמַח אֲבִי נָבָל, and the father of a fool has no joy). Naval (נָבָל, fool, vile person, morally deficient) describes the worst foolishness. This proverb mourns parental heartbreak over foolish children. While parents can't control adult children's choices, they should faithfully teach wisdom. Ultimately, God grieves over His foolish children who reject Him (Luke 19:41).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern culture emphasized family honor through children. Foolish children brought disgrace, destroyed family reputation, squandered inheritance. Biblical examples include: Eli's sons disgracing him (1 Samuel 2:12-17, 22-25), David grieving over Absalom (2 Samuel 18:33), the prodigal son wasting his inheritance (Luke 15:11-13). Yet the prodigal's repentance brought joy (Luke 15:24), showing wisdom can be recovered through grace.

Reflection Questions

  1. For parents: Are you faithfully teaching your children wisdom even though you can't control their ultimate choices?
  2. For children: Do you bring your parents sorrow or joy through foolish or wise living?
  3. How does God as Father grieve over His foolish children, and what brings Him joy (Luke 15:7, 10)?
KS
Written by KJV Study CommentaryBiblical Commentary

Compare 2 commentaries from different scholars and time periods for a richer understanding.


Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
יֹלֵ֣ד
1 of 8

He that begetteth

H3205
to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
כְּ֭סִיל
2 of 8

a fool

H3684
properly, fat, i.e., (figuratively) stupid or silly
לְת֣וּגָה
3 of 8

doeth it to his sorrow

H8424
depression (of spirits); concretely a grief
ל֑וֹ
4 of 8
H0
וְלֹֽא
5 of 8
H3808
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יִ֝שְׂמַ֗ח
6 of 8

hath no joy

H8055
probably to brighten up, i.e., (figuratively) be (causatively, make) blithe or gleesome
אֲבִ֣י
7 of 8

and the father

H1
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
נָבָֽל׃
8 of 8

of a fool

H5036
stupid; wicked (especially impious)

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 17:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 17:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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