King James Version

What Does Proverbs 10:1 Mean?

Proverbs 10:1 in the King James Version says “The proverbs of Solomon. A wise son maketh a glad father: but a foolish son is the heaviness of his mother. — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The proverbs of Solomon. A wise son maketh a glad father: but a foolish son is the heaviness of his mother.

Proverbs 10:1 · KJV


Context

1

The proverbs of Solomon. A wise son maketh a glad father: but a foolish son is the heaviness of his mother.

2

Treasures of wickedness profit nothing: but righteousness delivereth from death.

3

The LORD will not suffer the soul of the righteous to famish: but he casteth away the substance of the wicked. the substance: or, the wicked for their wickedness


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This verse begins the first collection of Solomon's proverbs proper (10:1-22:16), shifting from extended discourse to brief wisdom sayings. 'A wise son maketh a glad father: but a foolish son is the heaviness of his mother' establishes the relational impact of wisdom and folly. Parents rejoice in wise children and grieve over foolish ones. The asymmetry (glad father / grieving mother) may simply vary the parallelism poetically, though some see it reflecting ancient gender roles in child-rearing. The principle remains: children's moral and spiritual choices profoundly affect their parents.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The shift from extended parental instruction (chapters 1-9) to brief proverbial sayings (chapters 10-22) reflects different pedagogical purposes. The longer discourses established foundational principles; the brief proverbs provided memorable applications for daily life. Both served ancient Israel's educational system centered in family and community.

Reflection Questions

  1. If you are a child, how do your choices bring gladness or grief to your parents?
  2. If you are a parent, how do you balance grief over children's foolishness with trust in God's sovereign work in their lives?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
מִשְׁלֵ֗י1 of 10

The proverbs

H4912

properly, a pithy maxim, usually of metaphorical nature; hence, a simile (as an adage, poem, discourse)

שְׁלֹ֫מֹ֥ה2 of 10

of Solomon

H8010

shelomah, david's successor

וּבֵ֥ן3 of 10

son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

חָ֭כָם4 of 10

A wise

H2450

wise, (i.e., intelligent, skilful or artful)

יְשַׂמַּח5 of 10

maketh a glad

H8055

probably to brighten up, i.e., (figuratively) be (causatively, make) blithe or gleesome

אָ֑ב6 of 10

father

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

וּבֵ֥ן7 of 10

son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

כְּ֝סִ֗יל8 of 10

but a foolish

H3684

properly, fat, i.e., (figuratively) stupid or silly

תּוּגַ֥ת9 of 10

is the heaviness

H8424

depression (of spirits); concretely a grief

אִמּֽוֹ׃10 of 10

of his mother

H517

a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 10:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 10:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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