King James Version

What Does Philippians 2:10 Mean?

Philippians 2:10 in the King James Version says “That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth; — study this verse from Philippians chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth;

Philippians 2:10 · KJV


Context

8

And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. fashion: or habit

9

Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name:

10

That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth;

11

And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.

12

Wherefore, my beloved, as ye have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth (ἵνα ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ ἐπουρανίων καὶ ἐπιγείων καὶ καταχθονίων, hina en tō onomati Iēsou pan gony kampsē epouraniōn kai epigeiōn kai katachthoniōn)—Hina ("that, in order that") states purpose: God exalted Jesus so that universal worship would result. En tō onomati Iēsou ("at/in the name of Jesus") identifies the object of worship. Pan gony kampsē ("every knee should bow") quotes Isaiah 45:23, where YHWH declares every knee will bow to Him alone. Paul applies this to Jesus, asserting His deity.

The scope: epouraniōn ("heavenly beings"—angels), epigeiōn ("earthly beings"—humans), katachthoniōn ("under-earth beings"—demons or the dead). All creation—angelic, human, demonic—will acknowledge Jesus's lordship. This is cosmic Christology: Christ rules all realms. The language assumes eschatological fulfillment: at the eschaton, resistant wills will bow—voluntarily or involuntarily.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Isaiah 45:23's application to Jesus is early Christian confession of deity. Bowing was worship posture in ancient Near East. Paul's threefold division (heaven, earth, underworld) encompasses all reality. Jewish readers would catch the audacity: YHWH's unique worship-claim is transferred to Jesus. This is functional deity—Jesus receives worship due to God alone. Early Christians faced martyrdom rather than deny Jesus's lordship.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does it mean that 'every knee will bow'—including those who currently reject Christ?
  2. How does Christ's cosmic lordship (heaven, earth, underworld) affect your daily priorities and fears?
  3. How should the certainty of Christ's universal acknowledgment shape evangelism and cultural engagement?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 13 words
ἵνα1 of 13

That

G2443

in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)

ἐν2 of 13

at

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῷ3 of 13
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὀνόματι4 of 13

the name

G3686

a "name" (literally or figuratively) (authority, character)

Ἰησοῦ5 of 13

of Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

πᾶν6 of 13

every

G3956

all, any, every, the whole

γόνυ7 of 13

knee

G1119

the "knee"

κάμψῃ8 of 13

should bow

G2578

to bend

ἐπουρανίων9 of 13

of things in heaven

G2032

above the sky

καὶ10 of 13

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐπιγείων11 of 13

things in earth

G1919

worldly (physically or morally)

καὶ12 of 13

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

καταχθονίων13 of 13

things under the earth

G2709

subterranean, i.e., infernal (belonging to the world of departed spirits)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Philippians. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Philippians 2:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Philippians 2:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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