King James Version

What Does Philippians 1:21 Mean?

Philippians 1:21 in the King James Version says “For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain. — study this verse from Philippians chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.

Philippians 1:21 · KJV


Context

19

For I know that this shall turn to my salvation through your prayer, and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ,

20

According to my earnest expectation and my hope, that in nothing I shall be ashamed, but that with all boldness, as always, so now also Christ shall be magnified in my body, whether it be by life, or by death.

21

For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.

22

But if I live in the flesh, this is the fruit of my labour : yet what I shall choose I wot not.

23

For I am in a strait betwixt two, having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ; which is far better:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain (Ἐμοὶ γὰρ τὸ ζῆν Χριστὸς καὶ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος, Emoi gar to zēn Christos kai to apothanein kerdos)—One of Scripture's most compact, profound statements. To zēn ("to live," present infinitive) is not mere existence but conscious living is Christ (Χριστός, Christos). Life's meaning, purpose, content, and identity = Christ. Paul doesn't say living for Christ but living is Christ—union mysticism.

To die is gain (τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος, to apothanein kerdos)—kerdos ("gain, profit") is commercial language Paul uses frequently (3:7-8). Death gains unmediated Christ-presence (v. 23). This verse demolishes fear of death and purposeless living. If life = Christ, suffering/death can't steal meaning. If death = gain, martyrdom isn't loss. Both outcomes win.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Greco-Roman philosophy (especially Stoicism and Epicureanism) debated death's nature—annihilation or soul-survival. Paul's confidence wasn't philosophical speculation but resurrection faith rooted in Christ's resurrection. His 'gain' is not disembodied bliss but waiting for resurrection (3:20-21). Ancient martyrs' fearlessness stemmed from this theology, shocking executioners.

Reflection Questions

  1. Can you complete the sentence 'For me to live is _____' honestly? Is it Christ, or comfort, achievement, family?
  2. How does viewing death as 'gain' (not loss) reshape your daily fears and choices?
  3. What practical difference does it make to say life <em>is</em> Christ versus living <em>for</em> Christ?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 9 words
ἐμοὶ1 of 9

to me

G1698

to me

γὰρ2 of 9

For

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

τὸ3 of 9
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ζῆν4 of 9

to live

G2198

to live (literally or figuratively)

Χριστὸς5 of 9

is Christ

G5547

anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus

καὶ6 of 9

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τὸ7 of 9
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀποθανεῖν8 of 9

to die

G599

to die off (literally or figuratively)

κέρδος9 of 9

is gain

G2771

gain (pecuniary or genitive case)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Philippians. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Philippians 1:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Philippians 1:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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