King James Version

What Does Numbers 30:2 Mean?

Numbers 30:2 in the King James Version says “If a man vow a vow unto the LORD, or swear an oath to bind his soul with a bond; he shall not break his word, he shall d... — study this verse from Numbers chapter 30 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

If a man vow a vow unto the LORD, or swear an oath to bind his soul with a bond; he shall not break his word, he shall do according to all that proceedeth out of his mouth. break: Heb. profane

Numbers 30:2 · KJV


Context

1

And Moses spake unto the heads of the tribes concerning the children of Israel, saying, This is the thing which the LORD hath commanded.

2

If a man vow a vow unto the LORD, or swear an oath to bind his soul with a bond; he shall not break his word, he shall do according to all that proceedeth out of his mouth. break: Heb. profane

3

If a woman also vow a vow unto the LORD, and bind herself by a bond, being in her father's house in her youth;

4

And her father hear her vow, and her bond wherewith she hath bound her soul, and her father shall hold his peace at her: then all her vows shall stand, and every bond wherewith she hath bound her soul shall stand.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
If a man vow a vow unto the LORD, or swear an oath to bind his soul with a bond; he shall not break his word, he shall do according to all that proceedeth out of his mouth.' This establishes the solemn binding nature of vows made to God. The Hebrew 'neder' (נֶדֶר, vow) means a voluntary promise beyond required obedience, while 'shebuah' (שְׁבוּעָה, oath) involves invoking God's name as witness. The phrase 'bind his soul' shows that vows obligate one's entire person, not just external actions. Breaking vows profanes God's name and demonstrates untrustworthiness. The command 'shall not break his word' (literally 'shall not profane his word') emphasizes the sacredness of verbal commitments. This verse establishes the principle that our words matter deeply to God. Jesus' teaching about vows (Matthew 5:33-37) doesn't contradict this but warns against casual oath-making. Reformed theology emphasizes covenant-keeping God as the model for human faithfulness.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This chapter addresses vows in context of Israel's covenant community, with special provisions for women under male authority (fathers for unmarried daughters, husbands for wives). Ancient Near Eastern law codes (Hammurabi, Middle Assyrian Laws) addressed vows and oaths, showing their legal importance. In Israel, vows could include dedicating property to God (Leviticus 27), Nazirite consecration (Numbers 6), or promising specific actions. The Jephthah incident (Judges 11) shows the serious consequences of rash vows. Ecclesiastes 5:4-5 warns against making vows carelessly. Jesus encountered vow-keeping issues with Pharisees who used Corban vows to avoid family obligations (Mark 7:10-13). Archaeological evidence includes votive inscriptions from ancient Israel showing the practice of dedicating items to God. The Jerusalem Talmud extensively discusses vow regulations.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the binding nature of vows teach about the weight and power of our words before God?
  2. How can we practice integrity in our commitments while heeding Jesus' warning against casual oath-making?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 19 words
אִישׁ֩1 of 19

If a man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

כִּֽי2 of 19
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יִדֹּ֨ר3 of 19

vow

H5087

to promise (pos., to do or give something to god)

נֶ֜דֶר4 of 19

a vow

H5088

a promise (to god); also (concretely) a thing promised

לַֽיהוָ֗ה5 of 19

unto the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֽוֹ6 of 19
H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

הִשָּׁ֤בַע7 of 19

or swear

H7650

to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)

שְׁבֻעָה֙8 of 19

an oath

H7621

properly, something sworn, i.e., an oath

לֶאְסֹ֤ר9 of 19

to bind

H631

to yoke or hitch; by analogy, to fasten in any sense, to join battle

אִסָּר֙10 of 19

with a bond

H632

an obligation or vow (of abstinence)

עַל11 of 19
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

נַפְשׁ֔וֹ12 of 19

his soul

H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

לֹ֥א13 of 19
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יַחֵ֖ל14 of 19

he shall not break

H2490

properly, to bore, i.e., (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin

דְּבָר֑וֹ15 of 19

his word

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

כְּכָל16 of 19
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַיֹּצֵ֥א17 of 19

according to all that proceedeth

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

מִפִּ֖יו18 of 19

out of his mouth

H6310

the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with prepos

יַֽעֲשֶֽׂה׃19 of 19

he shall do

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 30:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 30:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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