King James Version

What Does Ecclesiastes 5:4 Mean?

Ecclesiastes 5:4 in the King James Version says “When thou vowest a vow unto God, defer not to pay it; for he hath no pleasure in fools: pay that which thou hast vowed. — study this verse from Ecclesiastes chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

When thou vowest a vow unto God, defer not to pay it; for he hath no pleasure in fools: pay that which thou hast vowed.

Ecclesiastes 5:4 · KJV


Context

2

Be not rash with thy mouth, and let not thine heart be hasty to utter any thing before God: for God is in heaven, and thou upon earth: therefore let thy words be few. thing: or, word

3

For a dream cometh through the multitude of business; and a fool's voice is known by multitude of words.

4

When thou vowest a vow unto God, defer not to pay it; for he hath no pleasure in fools: pay that which thou hast vowed.

5

Better is it that thou shouldest not vow, than that thou shouldest vow and not pay.

6

Suffer not thy mouth to cause thy flesh to sin; neither say thou before the angel, that it was an error: wherefore should God be angry at thy voice, and destroy the work of thine hands?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
When thou vowest a vow unto God, defer not to pay it—the Hebrew neder (נֶדֶר, vow) refers to voluntary religious promises made to God, often conditional ("If You do X, I will do Y") or expressions of devotion. The command al te'acher (אַל־תְּאַחֵר, defer not) means do not delay or be late. Unlike secular contracts, vows to God carried absolute moral obligation (Deuteronomy 23:21-23).

For he hath no pleasure in fools: pay that which thou hast vowed—God takes no delight (chephets, חֵפֶץ) in kesilim (כְּסִילִים, fools), those who treat sacred commitments carelessly. The fool makes rash promises then ignores them. This echoes Jephthah's tragic vow (Judges 11:30-40) and Ananias and Sapphira's broken promise (Acts 5:1-11). Ecclesiastes teaches that voluntary vows create binding obligations—better never to vow than to vow and break faith.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Israel's worship included voluntary vows alongside mandatory sacrifices. Hannah vowed to dedicate Samuel to God's service (1 Samuel 1:11), and the Nazirite vow involved specific consecration (Numbers 6). Vows were serious covenant acts, invoking God's name as witness. Breaking vows constituted covenant violation, profaning God's holiness. Deuteronomy 23:21-23 legislated vow-keeping, and Proverbs 20:25 warned against rash vows. Jesus later taught that vows should not be necessary—let your yes be yes (Matthew 5:33-37). The early church discouraged unnecessary vows, emphasizing simple integrity. Medieval monasticism elevated vows (poverty, chastity, obedience), while Reformers questioned whether such vows were biblically warranted, preferring general Christian obedience over special vows.

Reflection Questions

  1. Have you made promises to God—in crisis, gratitude, or devotion—that you have not fulfilled?
  2. How does this verse challenge the casual way we sometimes make commitments to God in prayer or worship?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
כַּאֲשֶׁר֩1 of 15
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

תִּדֹּ֖ר2 of 15

When thou vowest

H5087

to promise (pos., to do or give something to god)

נֶ֜דֶר3 of 15

a vow

H5088

a promise (to god); also (concretely) a thing promised

לֵֽאלֹהִ֗ים4 of 15

unto God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

אַל5 of 15
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

תְּאַחֵר֙6 of 15

defer

H309

to loiter (i.e., be behind); by implication to procrastinate

שַׁלֵּֽם׃7 of 15

not to pay

H7999

to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate

כִּ֛י8 of 15
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אֵ֥ין9 of 15
H369

a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

חֵ֖פֶץ10 of 15

it for he hath no pleasure

H2656

pleasure; hence (abstractly) desire; concretely, a valuable thing; hence (by extension) a matter (as something in mind)

בַּכְּסִילִ֑ים11 of 15

in fools

H3684

properly, fat, i.e., (figuratively) stupid or silly

אֵ֥ת12 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אֲשֶׁר13 of 15
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

תִּדֹּ֖ר14 of 15

When thou vowest

H5087

to promise (pos., to do or give something to god)

שַׁלֵּֽם׃15 of 15

not to pay

H7999

to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ecclesiastes. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ecclesiastes 5:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ecclesiastes 5:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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