King James Version

What Does Numbers 27:18 Mean?

Numbers 27:18 in the King James Version says “And the LORD said unto Moses, Take thee Joshua the son of Nun, a man in whom is the spirit, and lay thine hand upon him; — study this verse from Numbers chapter 27 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the LORD said unto Moses, Take thee Joshua the son of Nun, a man in whom is the spirit, and lay thine hand upon him;

Numbers 27:18 · KJV


Context

16

Let the LORD, the God of the spirits of all flesh, set a man over the congregation,

17

Which may go out before them, and which may go in before them, and which may lead them out, and which may bring them in; that the congregation of the LORD be not as sheep which have no shepherd.

18

And the LORD said unto Moses, Take thee Joshua the son of Nun, a man in whom is the spirit, and lay thine hand upon him;

19

And set him before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation; and give him a charge in their sight.

20

And thou shalt put some of thine honour upon him, that all the congregation of the children of Israel may be obedient.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
God commands Moses to commission Joshua as his successor, describing him as 'a man in whom is the spirit.' This phrase (Hebrew 'ish asher-ruach bo', אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־רוּחַ בּוֹ) indicates divine enablement and spiritual qualification for leadership. Joshua possessed God's Spirit, providing supernatural wisdom, courage, and guidance necessary for leading Israel. The instruction to lay hands on Joshua represented formal ordination and authorization, publicly transferring leadership from Moses to Joshua. The requirement to do this 'before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation' ensured legitimate succession witnessed by both spiritual and communal authorities. This prevented later challenges to Joshua's authority and established precedent for orderly succession of leadership. The phrase 'that all the congregation of the children of Israel may be obedient' acknowledges that leadership requires both divine calling and communal recognition. Joshua's Spirit-empowerment qualified him internally; Moses' ordination and public commissioning established him externally. This combination of spiritual qualification and formal recognition prevents both chaotic individualism (claiming Spirit-leading without community accountability) and dead institutionalism (formal position without spiritual power).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Joshua (originally named Hoshea, Numbers 13:16) had served as Moses' assistant since the Exodus (Exodus 24:13; 33:11). He was one of the twelve spies who brought a faithful report (Numbers 14:6-9), sparing him from the judgment that killed the unfaithful generation. Moses' impending death (due to his Meribah sin, Numbers 20:12) necessitated appointing a successor. God chose Joshua rather than Moses' sons, establishing the principle that spiritual leadership passes to the qualified rather than automatically following biological descent. The public commissioning occurred before Eleazar the high priest (Aaron's son who succeeded him) and the entire congregation, creating formal authority structure for the conquest period. Joshua would lead Israel across the Jordan, conquer Canaan, and distribute the land to the tribes—an enormous responsibility requiring divine empowerment. His Spirit-anointing qualified him for this task. Later, the Spirit's role in empowering leaders would continue through the judges, kings, and prophets, ultimately fulfilled in Christ who possessed the Spirit without measure (John 3:34).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Joshua's qualification as 'a man in whom is the Spirit' establish that effective leadership requires divine enablement beyond human capability?
  2. What does the combination of spiritual qualification and formal public commissioning teach about legitimate leadership in God's people?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר1 of 18

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

יְהוָ֜ה2 of 18

And the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֶל3 of 18
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

מֹשֶׁ֗ה4 of 18

unto Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

קַח5 of 18

Take

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

לְךָ֙6 of 18
H0
אֶת7 of 18
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ8 of 18

thee Joshua

H3091

jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader

בִּן9 of 18

the son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

נ֔וּן10 of 18

of Nun

H5126

nun or non, the father of joshua

אִ֖ישׁ11 of 18

a man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אֲשֶׁר12 of 18
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

ר֣וּחַ13 of 18

in whom is the spirit

H7307

wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the

בּ֑וֹ14 of 18
H0
וְסָֽמַכְתָּ֥15 of 18

and lay

H5564

to prop (literally or figuratively); reflexively, to lean upon or take hold of (in a favorable or unfavorable sense)

אֶת16 of 18
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יָֽדְךָ֖17 of 18

thine hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

עָלָֽיו׃18 of 18
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 27:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 27:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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