King James Version

What Does Matthew 27:32 Mean?

Matthew 27:32 in the King James Version says “And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to bear his cross. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 27 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to bear his cross.

Matthew 27:32 · KJV


Context

30

And they spit upon him, and took the reed, and smote him on the head.

31

And after that they had mocked him, they took the robe off from him, and put his own raiment on him, and led him away to crucify him.

32

And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to bear his cross.

33

And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to say, a place of a skull,

34

They gave him vinegar to drink mingled with gall: and when he had tasted thereof, he would not drink.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
A man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to bear his cross (ἠγγάρευσαν, ēngareusan)—the technical term for Roman impressment, forcing civilians to perform labor (cf. Matthew 5:41). Jesus, weakened by scourging and blood loss, cannot carry the crossbeam the full distance.

Simon from Cyrene (North Africa, modern Libya) becomes the literal fulfillment of take up his cross and follow me (Matthew 16:24). Mark identifies him as father of Alexander and Rufus (Mark 15:21), suggesting his family became known Christians. The cross-bearer becomes a disciple.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Cyrene had a large Jewish population (Acts 2:10, 6:9). Simon was likely in Jerusalem for Passover. Roman soldiers had legal authority (angaria) to compel civilians to carry military equipment for one mile—Jesus taught submission to this (Matthew 5:41).

Reflection Questions

  1. How did Simon's forced service become his salvation—from compulsion to conversion?
  2. What does Jesus's physical inability to carry his cross reveal about the human cost of atonement?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 14 words
Ἐξερχόμενοι1 of 14

as they came out

G1831

to issue (literally or figuratively)

δὲ2 of 14

And

G1161

but, and, etc

εὗρον3 of 14

they found

G2147

to find (literally or figuratively)

ἄνθρωπον4 of 14

a man

G444

man-faced, i.e., a human being

Κυρηναῖον5 of 14

of Cyrene

G2956

i.e., cyrenaean, i.e., inhabitant of cyrene

ὀνόματι6 of 14

by name

G3686

a "name" (literally or figuratively) (authority, character)

Σίμωνα7 of 14

Simon

G4613

simon (i.e., shimon), the name of nine israelites

τοῦτον8 of 14

him

G5126

this (person, as objective of verb or preposition)

ἠγγάρευσαν9 of 14

they compelled

G29

properly, to be a courier, i.e., (by implication) to press into public service

ἵνα10 of 14

to

G2443

in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)

ἄρῃ11 of 14

bear

G142

to lift up; by implication, to take up or away; figuratively, to raise (the voice), keep in suspense (the mind), specially, to sail away (i.e., weigh

τὸν12 of 14
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σταυρὸν13 of 14

cross

G4716

a stake or post (as set upright), i.e., (specially), a pole or cross (as an instrument of capital punishment); figuratively, exposure to death, i.e.,

αὐτοῦ14 of 14

his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 27:32 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 27:32 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study