King James Version

What Does Matthew 23:31 Mean?

Matthew 23:31 in the King James Version says “Wherefore ye be witnesses unto yourselves, that ye are the children of them which killed the prophets. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Wherefore ye be witnesses unto yourselves, that ye are the children of them which killed the prophets.

Matthew 23:31 · KJV


Context

29

Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye build the tombs of the prophets, and garnish the sepulchres of the righteous,

30

And say, If we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets.

31

Wherefore ye be witnesses unto yourselves, that ye are the children of them which killed the prophets.

32

Fill ye up then the measure of your fathers.

33

Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damnation of hell?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Ye be witnesses unto yourselves, that ye are the children of them which killed the prophets (μαρτυρεῖτε ἑαυτοῖς ὅτι υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων τοὺς προφήτας)—Jesus turns their self-defense into self-incrimination. Martyreite (witness) is legal terminology; they've testified against themselves. Huioi (sons/children) means both physical descendants and spiritual heirs—they share their ancestors' nature.

By claiming "we wouldn't have done it," they unwittingly confess they are indeed sons of murderers—they have the same hardened hearts, the same resistance to God's messengers, the same religious pride. Their elaborate tomb-building unconsciously testifies: "Our fathers killed prophets, and we're their spiritual descendants." Jesus forces them to see what their actions prove: they're chips off the old murderous block.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish understanding of corporate identity included both biological descent and spiritual succession. "Sons of Abraham" could mean either genetic lineage or faith-following (John 8:39-44). Jesus earlier told these same Pharisees, "You are of your father the devil" (John 8:44). Here He says they're sons of prophet-killers. The temple-building, tomb-garnishing, Torah-obsessed religious leaders were actually spiritual descendants of Israel's worst apostates—those who murdered God's messengers.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do your defenses and justifications sometimes serve as unwitting confessions of the very sins you deny?
  2. What does it mean to be a spiritual "child" of someone—how do we inherit the sins we condemn in previous generations?
  3. In what ways does elaborate religious activity (like tomb-building) camouflage hard-hearted resistance to God's current word?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 10 words
ὥστε1 of 10

Wherefore

G5620

so too, i.e., thus therefore (in various relations of consecution, as follow)

μαρτυρεῖτε2 of 10

ye be witnesses

G3140

to be a witness, i.e., testify (literally or figuratively)

ἑαυτοῖς3 of 10

unto yourselves

G1438

(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc

ὅτι4 of 10

that

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

υἱοί5 of 10

the children

G5207

a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship

ἐστε6 of 10

ye are

G2075

ye are

τῶν7 of 10
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

φονευσάντων8 of 10

of them which killed

G5407

to be a murderer (of)

τοὺς9 of 10
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

προφήτας10 of 10

the prophets

G4396

a foreteller ("prophet"); by analogy, an inspired speaker; by extension, a poet


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 23:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 23:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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