King James Version

What Does Mark 4:31 Mean?

Mark 4:31 in the King James Version says “It is like a grain of mustard seed, which, when it is sown in the earth, is less than all the seeds that be in the earth... — study this verse from Mark chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

It is like a grain of mustard seed, which, when it is sown in the earth, is less than all the seeds that be in the earth:

Mark 4:31 · KJV


Context

29

But when the fruit is brought forth, immediately he putteth in the sickle, because the harvest is come. brought: or, ripe

30

And he said, Whereunto shall we liken the kingdom of God? or with what comparison shall we compare it?

31

It is like a grain of mustard seed, which, when it is sown in the earth, is less than all the seeds that be in the earth:

32

But when it is sown, it groweth up, and becometh greater than all herbs, and shooteth out great branches; so that the fowls of the air may lodge under the shadow of it.

33

And with many such parables spake he the word unto them, as they were able to hear it.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus answers His question: 'It is like a grain of mustard seed, which, when it is sown in the earth, is less than all the seeds that be in the earth.' The mustard seed (σίναπι, sinapi) was proverbially small—'less than all seeds' (μικρότερον...πάντων τῶν σπερμάτων) is hyperbolic but makes the point: exceptionally small beginning. This represents kingdom's humble origins—crucified carpenter, twelve unimpressive disciples, small Palestinian sect. The emphasis on 'when it is sown' indicates mustard seed's potential isn't inherent but realized when planted in soil. Similarly, kingdom grows through gospel sown in hearts. Small beginnings don't limit great outcomes when God's power works.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Black mustard (Brassica nigra or Sinapis nigra) produces tiny seeds (1-2mm diameter) yet grows into large shrub (8-12 feet). Palestinian farmers knew this dramatic transformation. Jesus uses proverbial smallness to emphasize contrast: tiny seed → large plant. Kingdom history vindicates parable: crucified Christ → worldwide church; twelve apostles → millions of believers; Jerusalem sect → global faith. Early church was tiny, despised minority; now Christianity is world's largest religion. This encourages faithful witness despite small, unpromising beginnings.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does mustard seed imagery encourage you when kingdom work seems small or insignificant?
  2. What 'small seeds' is God calling you to plant faithfully, trusting Him for growth?
  3. How does kingdom history—small beginning to global reach—demonstrate God's faithful power?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
ὡς1 of 18

It is like

G5613

which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)

κόκκῳ2 of 18

a grain

G2848

a kernel of seed

σινάπεως3 of 18

of mustard seed

G4615

mustard (the plant)

ὃς4 of 18

which

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

ὅταν5 of 18

when

G3752

whenever (implying hypothesis or more or less uncertainty); also causatively (conjunctionally) inasmuch as

σπαρῇ6 of 18

it is sown

G4687

to scatter, i.e., sow (literally or figuratively)

ἐπὶ7 of 18

in

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

τῆς8 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γῆς9 of 18

the earth

G1093

soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe (including the occupants in each application)

μικρότερος10 of 18

is less

G3398

small (in size, quantity, number or (figuratively) dignity)

πάντων11 of 18

than all

G3956

all, any, every, the whole

τῶν12 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σπερμάτων13 of 18

the seeds

G4690

something sown, i.e., seed (including the male "sperm"); by implication, offspring; specially, a remnant (figuratively, as if kept over for planting)

ἐστὶν14 of 18

that be

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

τῶν15 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐπὶ16 of 18

in

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

τῆς17 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γῆς18 of 18

the earth

G1093

soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe (including the occupants in each application)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Mark. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Mark 4:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Mark 4:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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