King James Version

What Does Luke 15:3 Mean?

Luke 15:3 in the King James Version says “And he spake this parable unto them, saying, — study this verse from Luke chapter 15 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And he spake this parable unto them, saying,

Luke 15:3 · KJV


Context

1

Then drew near unto him all the publicans and sinners for to hear him.

2

And the Pharisees and scribes murmured, saying, This man receiveth sinners, and eateth with them.

3

And he spake this parable unto them, saying,

4

What man of you, having an hundred sheep, if he lose one of them, doth not leave the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after that which is lost, until he find it?

5

And when he hath found it, he layeth it on his shoulders, rejoicing.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he spake this parable unto them, saying (εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὴν παραβολὴν ταύτην, eipen de pros autous tēn parabolēn tautēn)—Jesus responds to Pharisaic criticism (v.2) not with argument but with parabolē (παραβολή), a comparison or story set alongside truth to illuminate it. The singular 'parable' introduces three connected stories (lost sheep, lost coin, lost son) as one unified defense of His mission to sinners.

Rather than justify His associations, Jesus reveals the Father's heart. The shift from self-righteous complaint to divine perspective transforms the debate—the question is not whether Jesus should welcome sinners, but whether heaven rejoices when He does. This rhetorical strategy disarms critics by exposing their hearts: Do you share God's joy over repentance, or resent His grace?

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Historical & Cultural Context

Palestinian shepherding culture made the first parable immediately relatable. Jesus spoke in an oral culture where parables were memorable teaching tools that circumvented defensive reactions. The Pharisees had complained about Jesus eating with tax collectors and sinners (v.2), a serious charge since table fellowship implied acceptance and intimate relationship. Jesus's response through parable rather than direct confrontation follows rabbinic tradition while subverting their theology of separation.

Reflection Questions

  1. When confronted with criticism about extending grace to 'unworthy' people, do you defend yourself argumentatively or reveal God's heart through story and testimony?
  2. How does Jesus's method of answering accusation with parable model wisdom in defending gospel ministry?
  3. What does the shift from Pharisaic perspective (v.2) to divine perspective (v.3ff) teach about reframing theological debates?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 8 words
εἶπεν1 of 8

he spake

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

δὲ2 of 8

And

G1161

but, and, etc

πρὸς3 of 8

unto

G4314

a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,

αὐτοὺς4 of 8

them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

τὴν5 of 8
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

παραβολὴν6 of 8

parable

G3850

a similitude ("parable"), i.e., (symbolic) fictitious narrative (of common life conveying a moral), apothegm or adage

ταύτην7 of 8
G3778

the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)

λέγων8 of 8

saying

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 15:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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