King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 34:16 Mean?

But ye turned and polluted my name, and caused every man his servant, and every man his handmaid, whom ye had set at liberty at their pleasure, to return, and brought them into subjection, to be unto you for servants and for handmaids.

Jeremiah 34:16 · KJV


Context

14

At the end of seven years let ye go every man his brother an Hebrew, which hath been sold unto thee; and when he hath served thee six years, thou shalt let him go free from thee: but your fathers hearkened not unto me, neither inclined their ear. hath been: or, hath sold himself

15

And ye were now turned, and had done right in my sight, in proclaiming liberty every man to his neighbour; and ye had made a covenant before me in the house which is called by my name: now: Heb. to day which: Heb. whereupon my name is called

16

But ye turned and polluted my name, and caused every man his servant, and every man his handmaid, whom ye had set at liberty at their pleasure, to return, and brought them into subjection, to be unto you for servants and for handmaids.

17

Therefore thus saith the LORD; Ye have not hearkened unto me, in proclaiming liberty, every one to his brother, and every man to his neighbour: behold, I proclaim a liberty for you, saith the LORD, to the sword, to the pestilence, and to the famine; and I will make you to be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth. to be: Heb. for a removing

18

And I will give the men that have transgressed my covenant, which have not performed the words of the covenant which they had made before me, when they cut the calf in twain, and passed between the parts thereof,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But ye turned and polluted my name, and caused every man his servant, and every man his handmaid, whom ye had set at liberty at their pleasure, to return, to be unto you for servants and for handmaids. God's response to covenant revocation burns with righteous indignation. The verb "polluted" (techalelu) derives from chalal (profane, defile)—the freed slaves' re-enslavement desecrated God's name. Since the liberation was done invoking God's covenant, revoking it implied God's name/character could be manipulated for human convenience then discarded when no longer advantageous.

The phrase "whom ye had set at liberty at their pleasure" emphasizes the personal nature of the wrong—individual owners recaptured their specific former slaves. The phrase "at their pleasure" (literally "according to their soul/desire") reveals the slaves were set free reluctantly, only while seeming beneficial, then recaptured when convenient. This exposes the hearts: no genuine concern for justice, only self-interested pragmatism dressed as piety.

Theologically, this verse teaches: (1) God's name is profaned when His people act hypocritically; (2) treating covenant obedience as situational rather than absolute constitutes covenant treachery; (3) God sees motives, not merely actions—false repentance angers Him more than honest unbelief; (4) oppression of the vulnerable (recaptured slaves) especially provokes divine wrath. The Reformed emphasis on regeneration's necessity finds support here—only hearts transformed by grace produce genuine covenant obedience.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The recapture of freed slaves occurred when Egypt's temporary intervention lifted Babylon's siege (37:5-11). The brief respite falsely suggested deliverance was secured, making continued obedience seem unnecessary. This demonstrates the dangerous pattern: crisis prompts religious observance, relief produces backsliding. Genuine transformation persists through changed circumstances; false conversion evaporates when pressure lifts.

The historical consequence was immediate and severe: Babylon resumed the siege, eventually destroying Jerusalem (verses 21-22; 39:1-10). The brief hope of Egyptian deliverance proved illusory—Pharaoh's forces retreated, leaving Jerusalem to its fate. God's word through Jeremiah proved absolutely reliable while human calculations and temporary circumstances proved worthless. History repeatedly demonstrates that covenant faithfulness provides the only true security.

Reflection Questions

  1. In what ways might Christians today 'profane God's name' through inconsistent living that treats obedience as situational?
  2. How does understanding that God sees motives challenge seemingly good actions done for wrong reasons?
  3. What safeguards prevent 'crisis Christianity' that reforms under pressure but backslides when circumstances improve?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 21 words
וַתָּשִׁ֗בוּ1 of 21

But ye turned

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

וַתְּחַלְּל֣וּ2 of 21

and polluted

H2490

properly, to bore, i.e., (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin

אֶת3 of 21
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

שְׁמִ֔י4 of 21

my name

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

וַתָּשִׁ֗בוּ5 of 21

But ye turned

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

וְאִ֣ישׁ6 of 21

and caused every man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אֶת7 of 21
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

לַעֲבָדִ֖ים8 of 21

his servant

H5650

a servant

וְאִ֣ישׁ9 of 21

and caused every man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אֶת10 of 21
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

וְלִשְׁפָחֽוֹת׃11 of 21

and for handmaids

H8198

a female slave (as a member of the household)

אֲשֶׁר12 of 21
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

שִׁלַּחְתֶּ֥ם13 of 21

whom ye had set

H7971

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

חָפְשִׁ֖ים14 of 21

at liberty

H2670

exempt (from bondage, tax or care)

לְנַפְשָׁ֑ם15 of 21

at their pleasure

H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

וַתִּכְבְּשׁ֣וּ16 of 21

and brought them into subjection

H3533

to tread down; hence, negatively, to disregard; positively, to conquer, subjugate, violate

אֹתָ֔ם17 of 21
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

לִֽהְי֣וֹת18 of 21
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לָכֶ֔ם19 of 21
H0
לַעֲבָדִ֖ים20 of 21

his servant

H5650

a servant

וְלִשְׁפָחֽוֹת׃21 of 21

and for handmaids

H8198

a female slave (as a member of the household)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 34:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 34:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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