King James Version

What Does Isaiah 9:12 Mean?

Isaiah 9:12 in the King James Version says “The Syrians before, and the Philistines behind; and they shall devour Israel with open mouth. For all this his anger is ... — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 9 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The Syrians before, and the Philistines behind; and they shall devour Israel with open mouth. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still. open: Heb. whole

Isaiah 9:12 · KJV


Context

10

The bricks are fallen down, but we will build with hewn stones: the sycomores are cut down, but we will change them into cedars.

11

Therefore the LORD shall set up the adversaries of Rezin against him, and join his enemies together; join: Heb. mingle

12

The Syrians before, and the Philistines behind; and they shall devour Israel with open mouth. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still. open: Heb. whole

13

For the people turneth not unto him that smiteth them, neither do they seek the LORD of hosts.

14

Therefore the LORD will cut off from Israel head and tail, branch and rush, in one day.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The judgment comes from all directions: 'Syrians before' (east) and 'Philistines behind' (west), indicating comprehensive encirclement. 'They shall devour Israel with open mouth' depicts ravenous enemies consuming the nation. The phrase 'For all this' introduces a refrain (repeated in verses 13, 17, 21, 10:4) emphasizing persistent rebellion. 'His anger is not turned away' indicates God's wrath continues unabated. 'His hand is stretched out still' portrays ongoing, active judgment. Despite escalating discipline, the people remain impenitent, necessitating further judgment.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Fulfilled as Israel faced simultaneous threats from multiple enemies. Syria attacked from the northeast, Philistines raided from the southwest, and ultimately Assyria invaded from the north. Historical records confirm Israel suffered these multi-front attacks during its final decades (750-722 BC). The repeated refrain emphasizes God's patience in sending progressive judgments, hoping for repentance, yet ultimately bringing complete destruction when impenitence persisted.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's 'stretched out hand' represent both His judgment and His appeal for repentance?
  2. What does persistent impenitence despite escalating judgment reveal about the human heart?
  3. How can we recognize when God is disciplining us and respond appropriately before judgment intensifies?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
אֲרָ֣ם1 of 17

The Syrians

H758

aram or syria, and its inhabitants; also the name of the son of shem, a grandson of nahor, and of an israelite

מִקֶּ֗דֶם2 of 17

before

H6924

the front, of place (absolutely, the fore part, relatively the east) or time (antiquity); often used adverbially (before, anciently, eastward)

וּפְלִשְׁתִּים֙3 of 17

and the Philistines

H6430

a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

מֵֽאָח֔וֹר4 of 17

behind

H268

the hinder part; hence (adverb) behind, backward; also (as facing north) the west

וַיֹּאכְל֥וּ5 of 17

and they shall devour

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

אֶת6 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל7 of 17

Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

בְּכָל8 of 17
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

פֶּ֑ה9 of 17

with open mouth

H6310

the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with prepos

בְּכָל10 of 17
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

זֹאת֙11 of 17
H2063

this (often used adverb)

לֹא12 of 17
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

שָׁ֣ב13 of 17

is not turned away

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

אַפּ֔וֹ14 of 17

For all this his anger

H639

properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

וְע֖וֹד15 of 17
H5750

properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more

יָד֥וֹ16 of 17

but his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

נְטוּיָֽה׃17 of 17

is stretched out still

H5186

to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 9:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 9:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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