King James Version

What Does Isaiah 1:21 Mean?

Isaiah 1:21 in the King James Version says “How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers. — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers.

Isaiah 1:21 · KJV


Context

19

If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land:

20

But if ye refuse and rebel, ye shall be devoured with the sword: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.

21

How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers.

22

Thy silver is become dross, thy wine mixed with water:

23

Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves: every one loveth gifts, and followeth after rewards: they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The lament personifies Jerusalem as a harlot, employing marital imagery for covenant infidelity (cf. Hosea 1-3). Once 'faithful' (Hebrew 'ne'eman'—steadfast, reliable), Jerusalem now teems with murderers instead of righteousness. This stark contrast between past fidelity and present apostasy highlights the depth of moral decline. The metaphor anticipates the New Testament church as Christ's bride, called to purity and faithfulness (Ephesians 5:25-27).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jerusalem, established by David and sanctified by Solomon's temple, was chosen as God's dwelling place. Its transformation into a center of injustice represents profound covenant betrayal.

Reflection Questions

  1. How can a community move from faithfulness to spiritual harlotry?
  2. What safeguards protect the church from similar moral decline?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
אֵיכָה֙1 of 12
H349

how? or how!; also where

הָיְתָ֣ה2 of 12
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לְזוֹנָ֔ה3 of 12

become an harlot

H2181

to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (

קִרְיָ֖ה4 of 12

city

H7151

a city

נֶאֱמָנָ֑ה5 of 12

How is the faithful

H539

properly, to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurse; figuratively to render (or be) firm or faithful, to trust or believe, to be permanen

מְלֵאֲתִ֣י6 of 12

it was full

H4392

full (literally or figuratively) or filling (literally); also (concretely) fulness; adverbially, fully

מִשְׁפָּ֗ט7 of 12

of judgment

H4941

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind

צֶ֛דֶק8 of 12

righteousness

H6664

the right (natural, moral or legal); also (abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity

יָלִ֥ין9 of 12

lodged

H3885

to stop (usually over night); by implication, to stay permanently; hence (in a bad sense) to be obstinate (especially in words, to complain)

בָּ֖הּ10 of 12
H0
וְעַתָּ֥ה11 of 12
H6258

at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive

מְרַצְּחִֽים׃12 of 12

in it but now murderers

H7523

properly, to dash in pieces, i.e., kill (a human being), especially to murder


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 1:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 1:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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