King James Version

What Does Isaiah 1:20 Mean?

Isaiah 1:20 in the King James Version says “But if ye refuse and rebel, ye shall be devoured with the sword: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it. — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But if ye refuse and rebel, ye shall be devoured with the sword: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.

Isaiah 1:20 · KJV


Context

18

Come now, and let us reason together, saith the LORD: though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool.

19

If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land:

20

But if ye refuse and rebel, ye shall be devoured with the sword: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.

21

How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers.

22

Thy silver is become dross, thy wine mixed with water:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The stark alternative—'devoured with the sword'—underscores covenant curses for rebellion (Leviticus 26:25; Deuteronomy 28:49-52). The phrase 'the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it' authenticates the prophecy with divine authority, guaranteeing its fulfillment. God's word is performative; His decrees accomplish their purpose (Isaiah 55:11). This warns that persistent covenant unfaithfulness invites divine judgment, a theme fulfilled in the Babylonian exile.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Within decades, Assyria would devastate Judah (701 BC), and Babylon would later complete the judgment (586 BC). Isaiah's prophecy proved tragically accurate, vindicating God's faithfulness to both promise and warning.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the certainty of God's word shape our response to both His promises and warnings?
  2. What modern forms of rebellion might invite divine discipline in our lives or churches?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וְאִם1 of 9
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

תְּמָאֲנ֖וּ2 of 9

But if ye refuse

H3985

to refuse

וּמְרִיתֶ֑ם3 of 9

and rebel

H4784

to be (causatively, make) bitter (or unpleasant); (figuratively) to rebel (or resist; causatively, to provoke)

חֶ֣רֶב4 of 9

with the sword

H2719

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

תְּאֻכְּל֔וּ5 of 9

ye shall be devoured

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

כִּ֛י6 of 9
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

פִּ֥י7 of 9

for the mouth

H6310

the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with prepos

יְהוָ֖ה8 of 9

of the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

דִּבֵּֽר׃9 of 9

hath spoken

H1696

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 1:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 1:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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