King James Version

What Does Hosea 10:4 Mean?

Hosea 10:4 in the King James Version says “They have spoken words, swearing falsely in making a covenant: thus judgment springeth up as hemlock in the furrows of t... — study this verse from Hosea chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

They have spoken words, swearing falsely in making a covenant: thus judgment springeth up as hemlock in the furrows of the field.

Hosea 10:4 · KJV


Context

2

Their heart is divided; now shall they be found faulty: he shall break down their altars, he shall spoil their images. Their heart: or, He hath divided their heart break: Heb. behead images: Heb. statues, or, standing images

3

For now they shall say, We have no king, because we feared not the LORD; what then should a king do to us?

4

They have spoken words, swearing falsely in making a covenant: thus judgment springeth up as hemlock in the furrows of the field.

5

The inhabitants of Samaria shall fear because of the calves of Bethaven: for the people thereof shall mourn over it, and the priests thereof that rejoiced on it, for the glory thereof, because it is departed from it. the priests: or, Chemarim

6

It shall be also carried unto Assyria for a present to king Jareb: Ephraim shall receive shame, and Israel shall be ashamed of his own counsel.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Empty words and false covenants: 'They have spoken words, swearing falsely in making a covenant: thus judgment springeth up as hemlock in the furrows of the field.' They speak דִּבְּרוּ דְבָרִים (dibberu devarim, spoken words)—mere talk without substance. Swearing falsely (אָלוֹת שָׁוְא, alot shav) when cutting covenant (כָּרֹת בְּרִית, karot berit). Result: judgment springs up כָּרֹאשׁ (kharosh, like hemlock/poisonous weed) in furrows. This demonstrates that faithless words and broken covenants produce poisonous fruit. Truth and covenant faithfulness are foundational; their absence poisons society. Only Christ speaks truth perfectly (John 14:6), establishing new covenant on better promises (Hebrews 8:6).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Israel's political instability involved constant treaty-making and breaking: swearing allegiance to Assyria then Egypt, making covenants with no intention of keeping them. 'False swearing' violates the third commandment (Exodus 20:7) and characterizes dishonest society (Jeremiah 5:2, 7:9, Zechariah 5:4). The agricultural metaphor—poisonous hemlock in plowed furrows—describes ironic reversal: where wholesome crops should grow, poison sprouts. Similarly, where justice should flourish, corruption spreads. Amos similarly condemns: 'ye have turned judgment into gall, and the fruit of righteousness into hemlock' (Amos 6:12). This demonstrates that societal corruption begins with leaders' faithless words and broken promises.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do 'empty words' and 'false swearing' in leadership poison entire societies?
  2. What does judgment 'springing up as hemlock' teach about how corruption multiplies from small beginnings?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
דִּבְּר֣וּ1 of 12

They have spoken

H1696

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

דְבָרִ֔ים2 of 12

words

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

אָל֥וֹת3 of 12

swearing

H422

properly, to adjure, i.e., (usually in a bad sense) imprecate

שָׁ֖וְא4 of 12

falsely

H7723

evil (as destructive), literally (ruin) or morally (especially guile); figuratively idolatry (as false, subjective), uselessness (as deceptive, object

כָּרֹ֣ת5 of 12

in making

H3772

to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt

בְּרִ֑ית6 of 12

a covenant

H1285

a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)

וּפָרַ֤ח7 of 12

springeth up

H6524

to break forth as a bud, i.e., bloom; generally, to spread; specifically, to fly (as extending the wings); figuratively, to flourish

כָּרֹאשׁ֙8 of 12

as hemlock

H7219

a poisonous plant, probably the poppy (from its conspicuous head); generally poison (even of serpents)

מִשְׁפָּ֔ט9 of 12

thus judgment

H4941

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind

עַ֖ל10 of 12
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

תַּלְמֵ֥י11 of 12

in the furrows

H8525

a bank or terrace

שָׂדָֽי׃12 of 12

of the field

H7704

a field (as flat)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Hosea. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Hosea 10:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Hosea 10:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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