King James Version

What Does 2 Kings 17:3 Mean?

2 Kings 17:3 in the King James Version says “Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents. gave: Heb. render... — study this verse from 2 Kings chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents. gave: Heb. rendered presents: or, tribute

2 Kings 17:3 · KJV


Context

1

In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign in Samaria over Israel nine years.

2

And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, but not as the kings of Israel that were before him.

3

Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents. gave: Heb. rendered presents: or, tribute

4

And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea: for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and brought no present to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year: therefore the king of Assyria shut him up, and bound him in prison . present: or, tribute

5

Then the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, and went up to Samaria, and besieged it three years.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents.

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 17: Covenant judgment and exile. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subordinate to God's ultimate kingship. This passage occurs during the decline toward Israel's exile, demonstrating how persistent covenant unfaithfulness leads to national disaster.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 17 takes place during the declining years of the northern kingdom, 8th century BCE, culminating in exile in 722 BCE. The chapter's theme (Fall of the Northern Kingdom) reflects the historical reality of the fulfillment of prophetic warnings as the northern kingdom fell to Assyria due to persistent covenant unfaithfulness. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this verse contribute to understanding the theological message of 2 Kings 17 regarding covenant judgment and exile?
  2. What does this passage reveal about God's character, particularly His justice, mercy, and faithfulness to covenant promises?
  3. In what practical ways should this text shape contemporary Christian thinking about faithfulness, worship, and obedience to God?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
עָלָ֣יו1 of 12
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

עָלָ֔ה2 of 12

Against him came up

H5927

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֖סֶר3 of 12

Shalmaneser

H8022

shalmaneser, an assyrian king

מֶ֣לֶךְ4 of 12

king

H4428

a king

אַשּׁ֑וּר5 of 12

of Assyria

H804

ashshur, the second son of shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e., assyria), its region and its empire

וַֽיְהִי6 of 12
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

ל֤וֹ7 of 12
H0
הוֹשֵׁ֙עַ֙8 of 12

and Hoshea

H1954

hoshea, the name of five israelites

עֶ֔בֶד9 of 12

became his servant

H5650

a servant

וַיָּ֥שֶׁב10 of 12

and gave

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

ל֖וֹ11 of 12
H0
מִנְחָֽה׃12 of 12

him presents

H4503

a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually bloodless and voluntary)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Kings 17:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 2 Kings 17:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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