King James Version

What Does Amos 6:12 Mean?

Amos 6:12 in the King James Version says “Shall horses run upon the rock? will one plow there with oxen? for ye have turned judgment into gall, and the fruit of r... — study this verse from Amos chapter 6 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Shall horses run upon the rock? will one plow there with oxen? for ye have turned judgment into gall, and the fruit of righteousness into hemlock:

Amos 6:12 · KJV


Context

10

And a man's uncle shall take him up, and he that burneth him, to bring out the bones out of the house, and shall say unto him that is by the sides of the house, Is there yet any with thee? and he shall say, No. Then shall he say, Hold thy tongue: for we may not make mention of the name of the LORD. we: or, they will not, or, have not

11

For, behold, the LORD commandeth, and he will smite the great house with breaches, and the little house with clefts. breaches: or, droppings

12

Shall horses run upon the rock? will one plow there with oxen? for ye have turned judgment into gall, and the fruit of righteousness into hemlock:

13

Ye which rejoice in a thing of nought, which say, Have we not taken to us horns by our own strength?

14

But, behold, I will raise up against you a nation, O house of Israel, saith the LORD the God of hosts; and they shall afflict you from the entering in of Hemath unto the river of the wilderness. river: or, valley


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Shall horses run upon the rock? will one plow there with oxen? (הַיְרֻצוּן בַּסֶּלַע סוּסִים אִם־יַחֲרוֹשׁ בַּבְּקָרִים, hayrutzun basela susim im-yacharosh bab'qarim)—two rhetorical questions about absurdities: horses can't gallop on rocky cliffs; oxen can't plow stone. Yet Israel's behavior is equally absurd: for ye have turned judgment into gall, and the fruit of righteousness into hemlock (כִּי־הֲפַכְתֶּם לְרֹאשׁ מִשְׁפָּט וּפְרִי צְדָקָה לְלַעֲנָה, ki-hafachtem l'rosh mishpat ufri tz'dakah l'la'anah)—they've inverted justice (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat) into poison (רֹאשׁ, rosh, literally 'head,' meaning poisonous plant or gall), and righteousness's fruit (צְדָקָה, tz'dakah) into wormwood (לַעֲנָה, la'anah, bitter poison).

This indicts moral inversion: making justice serve oppression and perverting righteousness into wickedness. When legal systems meant to protect the vulnerable instead exploit them, society commits absurdity worse than horses running on rocks. Isaiah 5:20 pronounces woe on such moral confusion: 'Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil.'

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Amos repeatedly attacks Israel's corrupt legal system (Amos 5:10-15). Courts that should have defended the poor instead took bribes and ruled for the powerful. This judicial corruption was systemic, not isolated—making judgment inevitable.

Reflection Questions

  1. What modern legal or political systems pervert justice into oppression while claiming righteousness?
  2. How do Christians sometimes invert biblical values—calling tolerance 'love,' compromise 'wisdom,' or comfort 'blessing'?
  3. What does it mean to restore justice and righteousness when systems have become thoroughly corrupted?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
הַיְרֻצ֤וּן1 of 13

run

H7323

to run (for whatever reason, especially to rush)

בַּסֶּ֙לַע֙2 of 13

upon the rock

H5553

a craggy rock, literally or figuratively (a fortress)

סוּסִ֔ים3 of 13

Shall horses

H5483

a horse (as leaping)

אִֽם4 of 13
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

יַחֲר֖וֹשׁ5 of 13

will one plow

H2790

to scratch, i.e., (by implication) to engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad

בַּבְּקָרִ֑ים6 of 13

there with oxen

H1241

a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd

כִּֽי7 of 13
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

הֲפַכְתֶּ֤ם8 of 13

for ye have turned

H2015

to turn about or over; by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert

לְרֹאשׁ֙9 of 13

into gall

H7219

a poisonous plant, probably the poppy (from its conspicuous head); generally poison (even of serpents)

מִשְׁפָּ֔ט10 of 13

judgment

H4941

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind

וּפְרִ֥י11 of 13

and the fruit

H6529

fruit (literally or figuratively)

צְדָקָ֖ה12 of 13

of righteousness

H6666

rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)

לְלַעֲנָֽה׃13 of 13

into hemlock

H3939

wormwood (regarded as poisonous, and therefore accursed)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Amos. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Amos 6:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Amos 6:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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