King James Version

What Does Hebrews 3:17 Mean?

Hebrews 3:17 in the King James Version says “But with whom was he grieved forty years? was it not with them that had sinned, whose carcases fell in the wilderness? — study this verse from Hebrews chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But with whom was he grieved forty years? was it not with them that had sinned, whose carcases fell in the wilderness?

Hebrews 3:17 · KJV


Context

15

While it is said, To day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts, as in the provocation.

16

For some, when they had heard, did provoke: howbeit not all that came out of Egypt by Moses.

17

But with whom was he grieved forty years? was it not with them that had sinned, whose carcases fell in the wilderness?

18

And to whom sware he that they should not enter into his rest, but to them that believed not?

19

So we see that they could not enter in because of unbelief.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Another rhetorical question: 'with whom was He angry forty years?' Answer: those who sinned, whose bodies fell in the wilderness. The connection between sin, divine anger, and death is explicit. The Reformed doctrine of original sin recognizes that sin brings both physical death and, apart from grace, eternal death. God's wrath against sin is not vindictive but the necessary response of holy justice.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The wilderness corpses (Numbers 14:29) became a vivid memorial to unbelief's consequences. This generation received God's temporal judgment, typifying eternal judgment on unbelief.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the reality of God's wrath against sin deepen your appreciation of Christ's atonement?
  2. What does this passage teach about the connection between unbelief and practical sin?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
τίσιν1 of 15

with whom

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

δὲ2 of 15

But

G1161

but, and, etc

προσώχθισεν3 of 15

was he grieved

G4360

to feel indignant at

τεσσαράκοντα4 of 15

forty

G5062

forty

ἔτη5 of 15

years

G2094

a year

οὐχὶ6 of 15

was it not

G3780

not indeed

τοῖς7 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἁμαρτήσασιν8 of 15

with them that had sinned

G264

properly, to miss the mark (and so not share in the prize), i.e., (figuratively) to err, especially (morally) to sin

ὧν9 of 15

whose

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

τὰ10 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κῶλα11 of 15

carcases

G2966

a limb of the body (as if lopped)

ἔπεσεν12 of 15

fell

G4098

to fall (literally or figuratively)

ἐν13 of 15

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῇ14 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐρήμῳ15 of 15

the wilderness

G2048

lonesome, i.e., (by implication) waste (usually as a noun, g5561 being implied)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Hebrews. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Hebrews 3:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Hebrews 3:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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