King James Version

What Does Hebrews 3:18 Mean?

Hebrews 3:18 in the King James Version says “And to whom sware he that they should not enter into his rest, but to them that believed not? — study this verse from Hebrews chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And to whom sware he that they should not enter into his rest, but to them that believed not?

Hebrews 3:18 · KJV


Context

16

For some, when they had heard, did provoke: howbeit not all that came out of Egypt by Moses.

17

But with whom was he grieved forty years? was it not with them that had sinned, whose carcases fell in the wilderness?

18

And to whom sware he that they should not enter into his rest, but to them that believed not?

19

So we see that they could not enter in because of unbelief.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The third rhetorical question: to whom did God swear exclusion from rest? 'Those who disobeyed' (Greek 'apeithēsasin' - were disobedient/unbelieving). The term carries both meanings, showing unbelief's practical expression in disobedience. Reformed theology emphasizes that true faith always produces obedience (James 2:17); persistent disobedience evidences lack of saving faith.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The oath in Numbers 14:21-23 specifically targeted the disobedient generation. This divine decree was irrevocable, demonstrating that there is a point beyond which persistent unbelief hardens into final rejection.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does your obedience or disobedience reveal the genuineness of your faith?
  2. What does God's oath teach about the possibility of final, irrevocable rejection of grace?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 13 words
τίσιν1 of 13

to whom

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

δὲ2 of 13

And

G1161

but, and, etc

ὤμοσεν3 of 13

sware he

G3660

to swear, i.e., take (or declare on) oath

μὴ4 of 13

not

G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

εἰσελεύσεσθαι5 of 13

enter

G1525

to enter (literally or figuratively)

εἰς6 of 13

into

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

τὴν7 of 13
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κατάπαυσιν8 of 13

rest

G2663

reposing down, i.e., (by hebraism) abode

αὐτοῦ9 of 13
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

εἰ10 of 13
G1487

if, whether, that, etc

μὴ11 of 13

not

G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

τοῖς12 of 13
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀπειθήσασιν13 of 13

to them that believed not

G544

to disbelieve (wilfully and perversely)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Hebrews. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Hebrews 3:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Hebrews 3:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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