King James Version

What Does Exodus 23:21 Mean?

Exodus 23:21 in the King James Version says “Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him.

Exodus 23:21 · KJV


Context

19

The first of the firstfruits of thy land thou shalt bring into the house of the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother's milk.

20

Behold, I send an Angel before thee, to keep thee in the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared.

21

Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him.

22

But if thou shalt indeed obey his voice, and do all that I speak; then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies, and an adversary unto thine adversaries. an adversary: or, I will afflict them that afflict thee

23

For mine Angel shall go before thee, and bring thee in unto the Amorites, and the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites: and I will cut them off.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him.

The Angel commands reverence—'beware' (הִשָּׁמֶר, hisshamer), 'obey' (שְׁמַע, shema), 'provoke not' (אַל־תַּמֵּר, al-tammer). Why? 'My name is in him' (כִּי שְׁמִי בְּקִרְבּוֹ, ki shemi beqirbo)—God's name/nature/presence indwells the Angel. 'He will not pardon transgressions'—resisting God's appointed leader brings judgment. This Angel is no mere creature; he bears God's name and authority. Hebrews 2:2-3 references this: 'the word spoken through angels' brought judgment; how much more rejecting Christ? Jesus says 'I have come in my Father's name' (John 5:43)—the Angel bearing God's name foreshadows Christ bearing the name 'YHWH our Righteousness.'

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The Angel bearing God's name and refusing pardon for disobedience indicates divine status. Ancient Near Eastern messengers carried their sender's authority; this Angel carries God's very name—suggesting deity.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the Angel bearing God's name teach about his identity—is he merely angelic or divine?
  2. How does Hebrews 2:2-3 apply this warning about disobeying the Angel to rejecting Christ?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
הִשָּׁ֧מֶר1 of 14

Beware

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc

מִפָּנָ֛יו2 of 14

of

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

וּשְׁמַ֥ע3 of 14

him and obey

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

בְּקֹל֖וֹ4 of 14

his voice

H6963

a voice or sound

אַל5 of 14
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

תַּמֵּ֣ר6 of 14

provoke

H4843

to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively)

בּ֑וֹ7 of 14
H0
כִּ֣י8 of 14
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

לֹ֤א9 of 14
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִשָּׂא֙10 of 14

him not for he will not pardon

H5375

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

לְפִשְׁעֲכֶ֔ם11 of 14

your transgressions

H6588

a revolt (national, moral or religious)

כִּ֥י12 of 14
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

שְׁמִ֖י13 of 14

for my name

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃14 of 14

is in him

H7130

properly, the nearest part, i.e., the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with preposition)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 23:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 23:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study