King James Version

What Does Exodus 20:6 Mean?

Exodus 20:6 in the King James Version says “And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.

Exodus 20:6 · KJV


Context

4

Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth:

5

Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me;

6

And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.

7

Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

8

Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.

The contrast is staggering: judgment to third/fourth generation, but mercy 'unto thousands' (לַאֲלָפִים, la'alafim)—thousands of generations or thousands of people, either way vastly exceeding judgment's scope. God's 'bent' is toward mercy, not wrath. 'Them that love me' (לְאֹהֲבַי, le'ohavai) and 'keep my commandments' (לְשֹׁמְרֵי מִצְוֹתָי, leshomrei mitzvotai) are parallel—love and obedience are inseparable. Jesus says 'if you love me, keep my commandments' (John 14:15). Obedience isn't legalism but love's expression. Love without obedience is sentimentalism; obedience without love is slavery. The 'thousands' of mercy swallow the four generations of judgment—grace triumphs over judgment (James 2:13).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The 'thousands' of mercy is literally 'to thousands'—in Hebrew often meaning unlimited/infinite. God's mercy extends exponentially beyond His wrath, revealing His essential nature as gracious.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the ratio of judgment (four generations) to mercy (thousands) reveal God's character?
  2. What is the relationship between loving God and keeping His commandments—can they be separated?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
וְעֹ֥֤שֶׂה1 of 6

And shewing

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

חֶ֖֙סֶד֙2 of 6

mercy

H2617

kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty

לַֽאֲלָפִ֑֔ים3 of 6

unto thousands

H505

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

לְאֹֽהֲבַ֖י4 of 6

of them that love

H157

to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)

וּלְשֹֽׁמְרֵ֥י5 of 6

me and keep

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc

מִצְוֹתָֽי׃6 of 6

my commandments

H4687

a command, whether human or divine (collectively, the law)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 20:6 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 20:6 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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