King James Version

What Does Exodus 18:13 Mean?

Exodus 18:13 in the King James Version says “And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people: and the people stood by Moses from the morning un... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 18 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people: and the people stood by Moses from the morning unto the evening.

Exodus 18:13 · KJV


Context

11

Now I know that the LORD is greater than all gods: for in the thing wherein they dealt proudly he was above them.

12

And Jethro, Moses' father in law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God: and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father in law before God.

13

And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people: and the people stood by Moses from the morning unto the evening.

14

And when Moses' father in law saw all that he did to the people, he said, What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the people stand by thee from morning unto even?

15

And Moses said unto his father in law, Because the people come unto me to enquire of God:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people—The transition from worship (v.12) to governance shows proper priority: worship before work. Moses' judging role fulfills God's commission to speak His words to people (Ex 4:15-16). The phrase 'the people stood by Moses from the morning unto the evening' indicates overwhelming demand—cases queued all day. This exhaustive schedule reveals the burden of leadership and unsustainability of solo ministry. The verb 'to judge' (לִשְׁפֹּט, lishpot) includes deciding disputes and declaring God's statutes. Moses' all-day judging shows dedication but also organizational naivety—he hasn't implemented delegation. Jethro's observation and advice (vv.14-23) will correct this deficiency.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This judging likely involved applying God's revealed will (received at burning bush and through ongoing revelation) to specific cases. The absence of written law yet didn't prevent judicial function.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does worship preceding governance teach about priorities in leadership?
  2. How does Moses' exhaustive schedule reveal both commendable dedication and unwise lack of delegation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וַֽיְהִי֙1 of 15
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת2 of 15

And it came to pass on the morrow

H4283

the morrow or (adverbially) tomorrow

וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב3 of 15

sat

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

מֹשֶׁ֔ה4 of 15

by Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

לִשְׁפֹּ֣ט5 of 15

to judge

H8199

to judge, i.e., pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literal

אֶת6 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הָעָם֙7 of 15

and the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֤ד8 of 15

stood

H5975

to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

הָעָם֙9 of 15

and the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

עַל10 of 15
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

מֹשֶׁ֔ה11 of 15

by Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

מִן12 of 15
H4480

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

הַבֹּ֖קֶר13 of 15

from the morning

H1242

properly, dawn (as the break of day); generally, morning

עַד14 of 15
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

הָעָֽרֶב׃15 of 15

unto the evening

H6153

dusk


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 18:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 18:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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