King James Version

What Does Exodus 18:14 Mean?

Exodus 18:14 in the King James Version says “And when Moses' father in law saw all that he did to the people, he said, What is this thing that thou doest to the peop... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 18 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And when Moses' father in law saw all that he did to the people, he said, What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the people stand by thee from morning unto even?

Exodus 18:14 · KJV


Context

12

And Jethro, Moses' father in law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God: and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father in law before God.

13

And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people: and the people stood by Moses from the morning unto the evening.

14

And when Moses' father in law saw all that he did to the people, he said, What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the people stand by thee from morning unto even?

15

And Moses said unto his father in law, Because the people come unto me to enquire of God:

16

When they have a matter, they come unto me; and I judge between one and another, and I do make them know the statutes of God, and his laws. one: Heb. a man and his fellow


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And when Moses' father in law saw all that he did to the people, he said, What is this thing that thou doest to the people?—Jethro's question 'What is this thing?' shows his concern at the unsustainable system. His observation 'thou sittest thyself alone, and all the people stand by thee' identifies the problem: centralized leadership without delegation. The phrase 'from morning unto even' emphasizes the exhaustion for both Moses and people. Jethro's willingness to question Moses' methods models the proper role of advisors—speaking truth to leadership. His approach is respectful (asking questions) rather than presumptuous (demanding change). The fact that God validates Jethro's advice shows that wisdom can come from outside covenant community, and leaders should welcome counsel.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jethro's outsider perspective gave him clarity that those within the situation lacked. His Midianite governance experience equipped him to identify organizational problems Moses missed.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jethro's questioning approach model how to offer counsel to leaders respectfully?
  2. What does God validating Jethro's advice teach about receiving wisdom from unexpected sources?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 29 words
וַיַּרְא֙1 of 29

saw

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

חֹתֵ֣ן2 of 29

father in law

H2859

to give (a daughter) away in marriage; hence (generally) to contract affinity by marriage

מֹשֶׁ֔ה3 of 29

And when Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

אֵ֛ת4 of 29
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כָּל5 of 29
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֲשֶׁר6 of 29
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

ה֥וּא7 of 29
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

עֹשֶׂה֙8 of 29

all that he did

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

הָעָ֛ם9 of 29

thou thyself alone and all the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

וַיֹּ֗אמֶר10 of 29

he said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

מָֽה11 of 29
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

הַדָּבָ֤ר12 of 29

What is this thing

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

הַזֶּה֙13 of 29
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

אֲשֶׁ֨ר14 of 29
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

אַתָּ֤ה15 of 29
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

עֹשֶׂה֙16 of 29

all that he did

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

הָעָ֛ם17 of 29

thou thyself alone and all the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

מַדּ֗וּעַ18 of 29
H4069

what (is) known?; i.e., (by implication) (adverbially) why?

אַתָּ֤ה19 of 29
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

יוֹשֵׁב֙20 of 29

why sittest

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

לְבַדֶּ֔ךָ21 of 29
H905

properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit

וְכָל22 of 29
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הָעָ֛ם23 of 29

thou thyself alone and all the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

נִצָּ֥ב24 of 29

stand

H5324

to station, in various applications (literally or figuratively)

עָלֶ֖יךָ25 of 29
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

מִן26 of 29
H4480

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

בֹּ֥קֶר27 of 29

by thee from morning

H1242

properly, dawn (as the break of day); generally, morning

עַד28 of 29
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

עָֽרֶב׃29 of 29

unto even

H6153

dusk


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 18:14 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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