King James Version

What Does Matthew 23:2 Mean?

Matthew 23:2 in the King James Version says “Saying, The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat: — study this verse from Matthew chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Saying, The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat:

Matthew 23:2 · KJV


Context

1

Then spake Jesus to the multitude, and to his disciples,

2

Saying, The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat:

3

All therefore whatsoever they bid you observe, that observe and do; but do not ye after their works: for they say, and do not.

4

For they bind heavy burdens and grievous to be borne, and lay them on men's shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with one of their fingers.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat—the phrase epi tēs Mōuseōs kathedras ekathisan (ἐπὶ τῆς Μωϋσέως καθέδρας ἐκάθισαν) literally means they have seated themselves on Moses's chair. The kathedra (καθέδρα, chair/seat of authority) refers to the teaching office of interpreting Torah. Archaeological evidence confirms actual stone seats in synagogues where teachers sat to instruct.

Jesus acknowledges the Pharisees' legitimate teaching authority derived from Mosaic succession while simultaneously preparing to demolish their personal credibility. This paradox—valid office, corrupt officeholders—mirrors the distinction between God's Word rightly taught and those teachers' hypocritical lives. The verb tense (ekathisan, aorist) suggests they assumed this position themselves, perhaps hinting at self-appointment rather than divine calling.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

After the Babylonian exile, scribes and Pharisees became the primary interpreters of Torah for the Jewish people. The 'seat of Moses' represented authoritative teaching passed down through oral tradition (later codified in the Mishnah). Synagogues often had physical seats positioned prominently for the Torah reader and teacher.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus distinguish between respecting an office and following corrupt office-holders?
  2. What does 'sitting in Moses's seat' reveal about claims to spiritual authority?
  3. Can teaching authority be legitimate even when the teacher's life contradicts the message?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 11 words
λέγων,1 of 11

Saying

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

Ἐπὶ2 of 11

in

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

τῆς3 of 11
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Μωσέως4 of 11

Moses

G3475

moseus, moses, or mouses (i.e., mosheh), the hebrew lawgiver

καθέδρας5 of 11

seat

G2515

a bench (literally or figuratively)

ἐκάθισαν6 of 11

sit

G2523

to seat down, i.e., set (figuratively, appoint); intransitively, to sit (down); figuratively, to settle (hover, dwell)

οἱ7 of 11
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γραμματεῖς8 of 11

The scribes

G1122

a professional writer

καὶ9 of 11

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

οἱ10 of 11
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Φαρισαῖοι11 of 11

the Pharisees

G5330

a separatist, i.e., exclusively religious; a pharisean, i.e., jewish sectary


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 23:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 23:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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