King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 5:10 Mean?

Deuteronomy 5:10 in the King James Version says “And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments. — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments.

Deuteronomy 5:10 · KJV


Context

8

Thou shalt not make thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the waters beneath the earth:

9

Thou shalt not bow down thyself unto them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me,

10

And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments.

11

Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain: for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

12

Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The covenant promise 'shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments' reveals God's gracious character. The numerical contrast is striking: judgment extends to 'third and fourth generation,' mercy to 'thousands'—divine grace vastly exceeds wrath. The phrase 'love me and keep my commandments' defines true religion as affection producing obedience, not mere external conformity. Love and obedience are inseparably linked (John 14:15). The Hebrew 'chesed' (mercy/lovingkindness/covenant faithfulness) describes God's loyal love to covenant keepers. This prefigures the New Covenant where God's law is written on hearts (Jeremiah 31:33).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Throughout Israel's history, God demonstrated covenant faithfulness ('chesed') to generations of believers: preserving a righteous remnant through apostasy, raising godly kings like David, Hezekiah, and Josiah, and ultimately sending the Messiah. Despite Israel's repeated covenant violations, God never abandoned His elect remnant. This mercy finds ultimate expression in Christ, through whom God extends covenant love to countless believers across all generations and nations.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the asymmetry between judgment (3-4 generations) and mercy (thousands) reveal God's essential character as gracious?
  2. What does the inseparable link between loving God and keeping His commandments teach about the nature of saving faith?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
וְעֹ֤֥שֶׂה1 of 6

And shewing

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

חֶ֖֙סֶד֙2 of 6

mercy

H2617

kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty

לַֽאֲלָפִ֑֔ים3 of 6

unto thousands

H505

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

לְאֹֽהֲבַ֖י4 of 6

of them that love

H157

to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)

וּלְשֹֽׁמְרֵ֥י5 of 6

me and keep

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc

מִצְוֹתָֽוֹ6 of 6

my commandments

H4687

a command, whether human or divine (collectively, the law)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 5:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 5:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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