King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 5:12 Mean?

Deuteronomy 5:12 in the King James Version says “Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee. — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee.

Deuteronomy 5:12 · KJV


Context

10

And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments.

11

Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain: for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

12

Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee.

13

Six days thou shalt labour, and do all thy work:

14

But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates; that thy manservant and thy maidservant may rest as well as thou.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The fourth commandment 'Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it' establishes weekly rest as covenant obligation. The Hebrew 'qadash' (sanctify/make holy) indicates setting apart time for sacred purposes. God commanded Sabbath observance, grounding it in creation (Exodus 20:11) and redemption (Deuteronomy 5:15). The Reformed tradition sees Sabbath as moral law continuing under the New Covenant, fulfilled on the Lord's Day (Sunday). Sabbath rest typifies the eternal rest believers enter through Christ (Hebrews 4:9-10). The day teaches trust in God's providence—ceasing work demonstrates that God sustains, not human effort.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Israel's Sabbath was Saturday (seventh day), beginning Friday sunset. No work was permitted—gathering manna (Exodus 16:22-30), kindling fire (Exodus 35:3), carrying burdens (Jeremiah 17:21), buying/selling (Nehemiah 13:15-22). Sabbath violation merited death (Exodus 31:14-15, Numbers 15:32-36). The early church shifted to Sunday (first day) commemorating Christ's resurrection (Acts 20:7, 1 Corinthians 16:2, Revelation 1:10). The principle—one day in seven for worship and rest—continues.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Sabbath observance demonstrate trust that God provides, freeing believers from anxious self-reliance?
  2. What does the shift from Saturday to Sunday Sabbath teach about how Christ fulfills Old Testament ceremonial law while maintaining moral principles?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
שָׁמ֣֛וֹר1 of 9

Keep

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc

אֶת2 of 9
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

י֥וֹם֩3 of 9

day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הַשַּׁבָּ֖֨ת4 of 9

the sabbath

H7676

intermission, i.e (specifically) the sabbath

לְקַדְּשׁ֑֜וֹ5 of 9

to sanctify

H6942

to be (causatively, make, pronounce or observe as) clean (ceremonially or morally)

כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר6 of 9
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

צִוְּךָ֖֣׀7 of 9

hath commanded

H6680

(intensively) to constitute, enjoin

יְהוָ֥֣ה8 of 9

it as the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֱלֹהֶֽ֗יךָ׃9 of 9

thy God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 5:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 5:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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