King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 5:11 Mean?

Deuteronomy 5:11 in the King James Version says “Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain: for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name ... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain: for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

Deuteronomy 5:11 · KJV


Context

9

Thou shalt not bow down thyself unto them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me,

10

And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments.

11

Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain: for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

12

Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee.

13

Six days thou shalt labour, and do all thy work:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The third commandment prohibits taking God's name 'in vain' (Hebrew 'la-shav'—emptiness, worthlessness, falsehood). This encompasses far more than crude profanity—it prohibits flippant, careless, or false invocation of God's name in oaths, worship, or daily speech. God's name represents His character, reputation, and covenant presence. Misusing His name dishonors Him and profanes holy things. The severe warning 'the LORD will not hold him guiltless' indicates certain judgment. This commandment demands reverence in all God-talk, prayer, worship, and oath-taking. Only those who fear God guard His name carefully.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern cultures invoked deity names in oaths, curses, and business transactions. Israel was commanded to swear truthfully by Yahweh's name (Deuteronomy 6:13, 10:20), not falsely or by pagan gods. Violations included: false prophets claiming 'thus says the LORD' (Jeremiah 14:14), priests profaning God's name (Malachi 1:6), and people swearing falsely (Leviticus 19:12, Zechariah 5:4). Jesus extends this command, prohibiting oath-swearing altogether (Matthew 5:33-37), demanding simple truthfulness.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does taking God's name 'in vain' extend beyond profanity to include careless, flippant, or hypocritical God-talk?
  2. In what ways might Christians violate this command through casual God-language, thoughtless prayers, or living inconsistently with our profession?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
לֹ֥א1 of 17
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִשָּׂ֥א2 of 17

Thou shalt not take

H5375

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

אֶת3 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

שְׁמ֖וֹ4 of 17

his name

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

יְהוָ֔ה5 of 17

for the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ6 of 17

thy God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

לַשָּֽׁוְא׃7 of 17

in vain

H7723

evil (as destructive), literally (ruin) or morally (especially guile); figuratively idolatry (as false, subjective), uselessness (as deceptive, object

כִּ֣י8 of 17
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

לֹ֤א9 of 17
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יְנַקֶּה֙10 of 17

will not hold him guiltless

H5352

to be (or make) clean (literally or figuratively); by implication (in an adverse sense) to be bare, i.e., extirpated

יְהוָ֔ה11 of 17

for the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֵ֛ת12 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אֲשֶׁר13 of 17
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יִשָּׂ֥א14 of 17

Thou shalt not take

H5375

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

אֶת15 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

שְׁמ֖וֹ16 of 17

his name

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

לַשָּֽׁוְא׃17 of 17

in vain

H7723

evil (as destructive), literally (ruin) or morally (especially guile); figuratively idolatry (as false, subjective), uselessness (as deceptive, object


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 5:11 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 5:11 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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