King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 20:6 Mean?

Deuteronomy 20:6 in the King James Version says “And what man is he that hath planted a vineyard, and hath not yet eaten of it? let him also go and return unto his house... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And what man is he that hath planted a vineyard, and hath not yet eaten of it? let him also go and return unto his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man eat of it. eaten: Heb. made it common

Deuteronomy 20:6 · KJV


Context

4

For the LORD your God is he that goeth with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you.

5

And the officers shall speak unto the people, saying, What man is there that hath built a new house, and hath not dedicated it? let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man dedicate it.

6

And what man is he that hath planted a vineyard, and hath not yet eaten of it? let him also go and return unto his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man eat of it. eaten: Heb. made it common

7

And what man is there that hath betrothed a wife, and hath not taken her? let him go and return unto his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man take her.

8

And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall say, What man is there that is fearful and fainthearted ? let him go and return unto his house, lest his brethren's heart faint as well as his heart. faint: Heb. melt


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And what man is he that hath planted a vineyard, and hath not yet eaten of it? (מִי־הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־נָטַע כֶּרֶם)—The third warfare exemption addresses nata (planted) a vineyard but not yet enjoyed its fruit. Under Leviticus 19:23-25, fruit was forbidden for three years, dedicated to God in year four, and available to the owner in year five. To die before enjoying God's blessing on one's labor would be tragic.

This exemption reveals God's compassion for human joy and completion. Holy war required wholehearted focus—a soldier preoccupied with unfinished business would fight halfheartedly. The principle: God wants fully committed warriors, not distracted conscripts forced into service while longing for home.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

These exemptions appear in the context of holy war legislation (Deuteronomy 20:1-9), delivered by Moses on the plains of Moab before entering Canaan. Unlike ancient Near Eastern armies that conscripted brutally, Israel's army excused those with legitimate life concerns, trusting God for victory rather than sheer numbers.

Reflection Questions

  1. What unfinished desires or incomplete projects might distract you from wholehearted service to God's present calling?
  2. How does God's provision of these exemptions challenge modern assumptions about religious duty overriding all personal circumstances?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
וּמִֽי1 of 16
H4310

who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix

וְאִ֥ישׁ2 of 16

And what man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אֲשֶׁר3 of 16
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

נָטַ֥ע4 of 16

is he that hath planted

H5193

properly, to strike in, i.e., fix; specifically, to plant (literally or figuratively)

כֶּ֙רֶם֙5 of 16

a vineyard

H3754

a garden or vineyard

וְלֹ֣א6 of 16
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יְחַלְּלֶֽנּוּ׃7 of 16

and hath not yet eaten

H2490

properly, to bore, i.e., (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin

יֵלֵ֖ךְ8 of 16
H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

וְיָשֹׁ֣ב9 of 16

and return

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

לְבֵית֑וֹ10 of 16

unto his house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

פֶּן11 of 16
H6435

properly, removal; used only (in the construction) adverb as conjunction, lest

יָמוּת֙12 of 16

lest he die

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה13 of 16

in the battle

H4421

a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)

וְאִ֥ישׁ14 of 16

And what man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אַחֵ֖ר15 of 16

and another

H312

properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc

יְחַלְּלֶֽנּוּ׃16 of 16

and hath not yet eaten

H2490

properly, to bore, i.e., (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 20:6 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 20:6 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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