King James Version

What Does Acts 2:35 Mean?

Acts 2:35 in the King James Version says “Until I make thy foes thy footstool . — study this verse from Acts chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Until I make thy foes thy footstool .

Acts 2:35 · KJV


Context

33

Therefore being by the right hand of God exalted, and having received of the Father the promise of the Holy Ghost, he hath shed forth this, which ye now see and hear.

34

For David is not ascended into the heavens: but he saith himself, The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand,

35

Until I make thy foes thy footstool .

36

Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly, that God hath made that same Jesus, whom ye have crucified, both Lord and Christ.

37

Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their heart, and said unto Peter and to the rest of the apostles, Men and brethren, what shall we do?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The promise that Christ reigns 'until I make thy foes thy footstool' establishes inaugurated eschatology - Christ rules now though enemies remain active. The Greek 'heös an' (until) doesn't terminate His reign but marks the period of patience before final judgment. The 'footstool' image (ancient kings placing feet on conquered enemies' necks) guarantees certain victory. This sustains believers: Christ's kingship is present reality, not future hope.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient victory celebrations included the ritual humiliation of defeated kings - victors literally stepped on them. Joshua had Israel's leaders place feet on Canaanite kings' necks (Joshua 10:24). Psalm 110's imagery asserts Messiah's absolute triumph over all opposition, spiritual and political.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Christ's present reign 'until' final victory comfort you when evil seems triumphant?
  2. What does the 'footstool' promise teach about the certain destiny of Christ's enemies?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 10 words
ἕως1 of 10

Until

G2193

a conjunction, preposition and adverb of continuance, until (of time and place)

ἂν2 of 10

I make

G302

whatsoever

θῶ3 of 10
G5087

to place (in the widest application, literally and figuratively; properly, in a passive or horizontal posture, and thus different from g2476, which pr

τοὺς4 of 10
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐχθρούς5 of 10

foes

G2190

hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary (especially satan)

σου6 of 10

thy

G4675

of thee, thy

ὑποπόδιον7 of 10
G5286

something under the feet, i.e., a foot-rest (figuratively)

τῶν8 of 10
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ποδῶν9 of 10

footstool

G4228

a "foot" (figuratively or literally)

σου10 of 10

thy

G4675

of thee, thy


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Acts. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Acts 2:35 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Acts 2:35 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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