King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 25:21 Mean?

1 Samuel 25:21 in the King James Version says “Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed o... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 25 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him: and he hath requited me evil for good.

1 Samuel 25:21 · KJV


Context

19

And she said unto her servants, Go on before me; behold, I come after you. But she told not her husband Nabal.

20

And it was so, as she rode on the ass, that she came down by the covert of the hill, and, behold, David and his men came down against her; and she met them.

21

Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him: and he hath requited me evil for good.

22

So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall.

23

And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him: and he hath requited me evil for good.

David's bitter reflection reveals his mindset before meeting Abigail. The Hebrew 'akh lasheker' (surely in vain/for nothing) expresses frustration that his protection proved worthless. His summary—'nothing was missed' yet 'he hath requited me evil for good'—accurately describes the injustice. The phrase 'this fellow' (Hebrew 'zeh') conveys contempt matching Nabal's own dismissive language. David's reasoning, while justified regarding the facts, was leading toward sinful response. His oath (v. 22) would compound emotional reasoning with binding commitment to violence. This interior monologue explains why David's response exceeded Nabal's offense—perceived betrayal ignited deeper anger than mere refusal.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

David's protection of Nabal's property represented real investment of time and resources. The contrast between his generous service and Nabal's insulting refusal created legitimate grievance. However, David's emotional response was disproportionate to the offense.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does justified grievance sometimes lead to unjustified responses?
  2. What warning does David's bitter reflection offer about nursing anger?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 21 words
וְדָוִ֣ד1 of 21

Now David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

אָמַ֗ר2 of 21

had said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אַךְ֩3 of 21
H389

a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only

לַשֶּׁ֨קֶר4 of 21

Surely in vain

H8267

an untruth; by implication, a sham (often adverbial)

שָׁמַ֜רְתִּי5 of 21

have I kept

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc

אֶֽת6 of 21
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כָּל7 of 21
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֲשֶׁ֤ר8 of 21
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

לָזֶה֙9 of 21

all that this

H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר10 of 21

fellow hath in the wilderness

H4057

a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert

וְלֹֽא11 of 21
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

נִפְקַ֥ד12 of 21

was missed

H6485

to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc

מִכָּל13 of 21
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֲשֶׁר14 of 21
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

ל֖וֹ15 of 21
H0
מְא֑וּמָה16 of 21

so that nothing

H3972

properly, a speck or point, i.e., (by implication) something; with negative, nothing

וַיָּֽשֶׁב17 of 21

of all that pertained unto him and he hath requited

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

לִ֥י18 of 21
H0
רָעָ֖ה19 of 21

me evil

H7451

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

תַּ֥חַת20 of 21
H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

טוֹבָֽה׃21 of 21

for good

H2896

good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 25:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 25:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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