King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 25:23 Mean?

1 Samuel 25:23 in the King James Version says “And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 25 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground,

1 Samuel 25:23 · KJV


Context

21

Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him: and he hath requited me evil for good.

22

So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall.

23

And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground,

24

And fell at his feet, and said, Upon me, my lord, upon me let this iniquity be: and let thine handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine audience, and hear the words of thine handmaid. audience: Heb. ears

25

Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this man of Belial, even Nabal: for as his name is, so is he; Nabal is his name, and folly is with him: but I thine handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom thou didst send. regard: Heb. lay it to his heart Nabal: that is, Fool


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground,

Abigail's approach demonstrates complete humility. The Hebrew 'vatemaher' (hasted) continues her urgent action. 'Lighted off the ass' (vattired) describes quick dismount from her riding position—she would not address David from superior elevation. Her prostration 'on her face' (al paneyha) with bowing 'to the ground' (artsah) represents the posture of supplication before royalty. Though David was an outlaw, Abigail recognized his true status and approached accordingly. This physical humility prefaced her verbal appeal. Her posture communicated what her words would argue: David deserved the honor Nabal had denied, and she came to give it.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Prostration before persons of higher status was standard ancient Near Eastern protocol. Abigail's posture acknowledged David's authority despite his fugitive status. The combination of haste, dismounting, and prostration demonstrated maximal respect.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does physical posture communicate heart attitude in approaching others?
  2. What does Abigail's recognition of David's true status teach about spiritual discernment?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וַתֵּ֤רֶא1 of 15

saw

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

אֲבִיגַ֙יִל֙2 of 15

And when Abigail

H26

abigail or abigal, the name of two israelitesses

אֶת3 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

דָוִד֙4 of 15

David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

וַתְּמַהֵ֕ר5 of 15

she hasted

H4116

properly, to be liquid or flow easily, i.e., (by implication)

וַתֵּ֖רֶד6 of 15

and lighted off

H3381

to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau

מֵעַ֣ל7 of 15
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הַֽחֲמ֑וֹר8 of 15

the ass

H2543

a male ass (from its dun red)

וַתִּפֹּ֞ל9 of 15

and fell

H5307

to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)

לְאַפֵּ֤י10 of 15

before

H639

properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

דָוִד֙11 of 15

David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

עַל12 of 15
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

פָּנֶ֔יהָ13 of 15

on her face

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ14 of 15

and bowed

H7812

to depress, i.e., prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or god)

אָֽרֶץ׃15 of 15

herself to the ground

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 25:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 25:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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