King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 20:33 Mean?

1 Samuel 20:33 in the King James Version says “And Saul cast a javelin at him to smite him: whereby Jonathan knew that it was determined of his father to slay David. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Saul cast a javelin at him to smite him: whereby Jonathan knew that it was determined of his father to slay David.

1 Samuel 20:33 · KJV


Context

31

For as long as the son of Jesse liveth upon the ground, thou shalt not be established, nor thy kingdom. Wherefore now send and fetch him unto me, for he shall surely die . shall: Heb. is the son of death

32

And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said unto him, Wherefore shall he be slain? what hath he done?

33

And Saul cast a javelin at him to smite him: whereby Jonathan knew that it was determined of his father to slay David.

34

So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.

35

And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad with him.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Saul cast a javelin at him to smite him: whereby Jonathan knew that it was determined of his father to slay David.

Saul's casting a javelin at his own son - 'to smite him' - represents the nadir of his spiritual descent. The violence against David now turned against his own heir. Jonathan 'knew that it was determined of his father to slay David' through this unmistakable proof. Sin's trajectory had reached family destruction; Saul would harm anyone who opposed his obsession.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Paternal violence against sons, while not unheard of, violated fundamental family bonds. The javelin - Saul's recurring weapon of rage - now threatened his own flesh. Jonathan's narrow escape paralleled David's previous escapes.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does unchecked sin eventually threaten even those closest to the sinner?
  2. What does Saul's willingness to harm Jonathan reveal about where jealousy ultimately leads?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
וַיָּ֨טֶל1 of 16

cast

H2904

to pitch over or reel; hence (transitively) to cast down or out

שָׁא֧וּל2 of 16

And Saul

H7586

shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites

אֶֽת3 of 16
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַחֲנִ֛ית4 of 16

a javelin

H2595

a lance (for thrusting, like pitching a tent)

עָלָ֖יו5 of 16
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

לְהַכֹּת֑וֹ6 of 16

at him to smite

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

וַיֵּ֙דַע֙7 of 16

knew

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן8 of 16

him whereby Jonathan

H3083

jehonathan, the name of four israelites

כִּי9 of 16
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

כָ֥לָה10 of 16

that it was determined

H3617

a completion; adverb, completely; also destruction

הִ֛יא11 of 16
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

מֵעִ֥ם12 of 16
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

אָבִ֖יו13 of 16

of his father

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

לְהָמִ֥ית14 of 16

to slay

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

אֶת15 of 16
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

דָּוִֽד׃16 of 16

David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 20:33 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 20:33 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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