King James Version

What Does 1 Corinthians 15:20 Mean?

1 Corinthians 15:20 in the King James Version says “But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept. — study this verse from 1 Corinthians chapter 15 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept.

1 Corinthians 15:20 · KJV


Context

18

Then they also which are fallen asleep in Christ are perished.

19

If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable.

20

But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept.

21

For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead.

22

For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But now is Christ risen from the dead (Νυνὶ δὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται ἐκ νεκρῶν)—The emphatic nyni (Νυνί, "But now!") signals the glorious turn from reductio ad absurdum to triumphant affirmation. The perfect tense egēgertai (ἐγήγερται) indicates completed action with ongoing results: Christ was raised and remains risen. This is historical fact, not wishful thinking. The phrase ek nekrōn ("from among the dead") indicates Christ didn't resuscitate into old mortality (like Lazarus) but entered new resurrection life.

And become the firstfruits of them that slept (ἀπαρχὴ τῶν κεκοιμημένων ἐγένετο)—The agricultural metaphor aparchē (ἀπαρχή, "firstfruits") refers to the first sheaf harvested and offered to God (Leviticus 23:10-11), guaranteeing the full harvest follows. Christ's resurrection is not isolated miracle but inauguration of new creation. As firstfruits guarantee harvest, Christ's resurrection guarantees ours. The perfect participle kekoimēmenōn (κεκοιμημένων, "having fallen asleep") indicates believers' death is temporary rest before resurrection harvest.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Feast of Firstfruits occurred during Passover week—Jesus rose on that very day, fulfilling the typology. The first sheaf offered to God anticipated the full harvest weeks later at Pentecost. Similarly, Christ's resurrection initiates the harvest of resurrection bodies at his return. Paul connects Old Testament agricultural feast to eschatological reality.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the 'firstfruits' metaphor demonstrate that Christ's resurrection guarantees yours?
  2. What does it mean that resurrection is not just resuscitation but entrance into new creation?
  3. How should the certainty of resurrection harvest shape Christian hope and perseverance?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 10 words
Νυνὶ1 of 10

now

G3570

just now

δὲ2 of 10

But

G1161

but, and, etc

Χριστὸς3 of 10

Christ

G5547

anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus

ἐγήγερται4 of 10

is

G1453

to waken (transitively or intransitively), i.e., rouse (literally, from sleep, from sitting or lying, from disease, from death; or figuratively, from

ἐκ5 of 10

from

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

νεκρῶν6 of 10

the dead

G3498

dead (literally or figuratively; also as noun)

ἀπαρχὴ7 of 10

the firstfruits

G536

a beginning of sacrifice, i.e., the (jewish) first-fruit (figuratively)

τῶν8 of 10
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κεκοιμημένων9 of 10

of them that slept

G2837

to put to sleep, i.e., (passively or reflexively) to slumber; figuratively, to decease

ἐγένετο10 of 10

and become

G1096

to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Corinthians. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Corinthians 15:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Corinthians 15:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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