King James Version

What Does 1 Corinthians 15:21 Mean?

1 Corinthians 15:21 in the King James Version says “For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead. — study this verse from 1 Corinthians chapter 15 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead.

1 Corinthians 15:21 · KJV


Context

19

If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable.

20

But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept.

21

For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead.

22

For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.

23

But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ's at his coming.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For since by man came death (ἐπειδὴ γὰρ δι' ἀνθρώπου θάνατος)—Paul introduces Adam-Christ typology, developed further in Romans 5:12-21. The preposition dia (διά, "through, by means of") indicates agency—death entered human experience through Adam's sin (Genesis 3:19, Romans 5:12). Thanatos (θάνατος, "death") encompasses physical death, spiritual separation from God, and eternal condemnation.

By man came also the resurrection of the dead (καὶ δι' ἀνθρώπου ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν)—The symmetry is deliberate: human agency brought death, human agency brings resurrection. But the parallel contains contrast—Adam brought death involuntarily through sin; Christ brought resurrection voluntarily through obedience. Both are anthrōpos (ἄνθρωπος, "man, human"), genuinely human. Christ's true humanity is essential—only human can represent humanity.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish theology understood death as consequence of Adam's sin (Genesis 3, Sirach 25:24, 4 Ezra 3:7). But Judaism lacked a clear Redeemer figure who would reverse Adamic curse through his own human obedience. Paul's innovation is identifying Jesus as the Last Adam (v. 45) whose resurrection inaugurates new humanity.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why must Christ be fully human to accomplish resurrection—why couldn't God simply decree it?
  2. How does the parallelism between Adam and Christ demonstrate the biblical narrative's unity?
  3. What does it mean that Christ reverses Adam's curse—how is resurrection connected to Genesis 3?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 11 words
ἐπειδὴ1 of 11

since

G1894

since now, i.e., (of time) when, or (of cause) whereas

γὰρ2 of 11

For

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

δι'3 of 11

by

G1223

through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)

ἀνθρώπου4 of 11

man

G444

man-faced, i.e., a human being

5 of 11
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

θάνατος6 of 11

came death

G2288

(properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively)

καὶ7 of 11

came also

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

δι'8 of 11

by

G1223

through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)

ἀνθρώπου9 of 11

man

G444

man-faced, i.e., a human being

ἀνάστασις10 of 11

the resurrection

G386

a standing up again, i.e., (literally) a resurrection from death (individual, genitive case or by implication, (its author)), or (figuratively) a (mor

νεκρῶν11 of 11

of the dead

G3498

dead (literally or figuratively; also as noun)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Corinthians. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Corinthians 15:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Corinthians 15:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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