About Joshua

Joshua records the conquest and division of the Promised Land, demonstrating God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to Abraham.

Author: JoshuaWritten: c. 1400-1370 BCReading time: ~5 minVerses: 43
ConquestFaithfulnessObedienceInheritanceLeadershipCovenant

King James Version

Joshua 10

43 verses with commentary

The Sun Stands Still

Now it came to pass, when Adonizedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now it came to pass, when Adonizedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them; That he feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than A...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

**X.** CONQUEST OF THE SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY OF THE NATIONS OF CANAAN. (1) **Adoni-zedec king of Jerusalem.**—We may compare this name (Lord of Righteousness) with Melchizedek (King of Righteousness). (See Genesis 14:18 and Hebrews 7:1.) The similarity of the names makes *it *probable that the Salem of Genesis 14:18 is Jerusalem (see Notes). The title Lord or King of Righteousness may have belonged...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10-18. Then Joshua commanded the officers of the people--**These were the Shoterim (see on Ex 5:6; De 20:5).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 10 Chapter Outline Five kings war against Gibeon.(1-6) Joshua succours Gibeon, The sun and moon stand still.(7-14) The kings are taken, their armies defeated, and they are put to death.(15-27) Seven other kings defeated and slain.(28-43) **Verses 1-6** When sinners leave the service of Satan and the friendship of the world, that they make peace with God and join I...
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That they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all the men thereof were mighty. royal: Heb. cities of the kingdom

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KJV Study Commentary

Fear grips Jerusalem's king Adoni-zedek because 'Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities...greater than Ai, and all the men thereof were mighty.' The comparison to royal cities indicates Gibeon's significance—comparable to capitals in size and strength. The note that its warriors were 'mighty' emphasizes military capability. Adoni-zedek's fear stems from strategic calculation: if might...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **As one of the royal cities.**—One of the cities of the kingdom. Gibeon was afterwards the city of the first king of Israel, Saul (1Chronicles 8:29-30; 1Chronicles 8:33).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 10 Chapter Outline Five kings war against Gibeon.(1-6) Joshua succours Gibeon, The sun and moon stand still.(7-14) The kings are taken, their armies defeated, and they are put to death.(15-27) Seven other kings defeated and slain.(28-43) **Verses 1-6** When sinners leave the service of Satan and the friendship of the world, that they make peace with God and join I...
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Wherefore Adonizedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying,

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KJV Study Commentary

Adoni-zedek assembles a coalition: sending to four other kings (Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon) with the message 'Come up unto me, and help me, that we may smite Gibeon: for it hath made peace with Joshua and with the children of Israel.' The number five (Jerusalem plus four allies) creates a significant alliance. The invitation 'come up unto me' suggests Jerusalem's primacy or elevation (geograp...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon.**—Hebron, *i.e., *el-Khalil, Jarmuth is identified as el-Yarmûk. Lachish is still uncertain; but see Note on Terse 32. Eglon is identified as Aglân in Philistia.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 2 Jos 2:1-7. Rahab Receives and Conceals the Two Spies. **1. Joshua ... sent ... two men to spy secretly--**Faith is manifested by an active, persevering use of means (Jas 2:22); and accordingly Joshua, while confident in the accomplishment of the divine promise (Jos 1:3), adopted every precaution which a skilful general could think of to render his first attempt in the invasion of Canaan...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 10 Chapter Outline Five kings war against Gibeon.(1-6) Joshua succours Gibeon, The sun and moon stand still.(7-14) The kings are taken, their armies defeated, and they are put to death.(15-27) Seven other kings defeated and slain.(28-43) **Verses 1-6** When sinners leave the service of Satan and the friendship of the world, that they make peace with God and join I...
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Come up unto me, and help me, that we may smite Gibeon: for it hath made peace with Joshua and with the children of Israel.

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KJV Study Commentary

Adoni-zedek's message to allied kings: 'Come up unto me, and help me, that we may smite Gibeon: for it hath made peace with Joshua and with the children of Israel.' The imperative 'come up' indicates urgent summons. Jerusalem's elevated position (geographically highest city in region) makes 'come up' literally accurate. The request for help (<em>azar</em>, עָזַר—to aid, assist) creates coalition o...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **Come up . . . that *we **may smite Gibeon.*—It is remarkable that we do not read of one direct attack upon Joshua and his army in all the wars of Canaan. The Canaanites seem to have acted strictly upon the defensive: and this fact tallies with what we read of the alarm and depression that spread among them at the passage of Jordan by Israel. And the armies which did take the field were attac...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-3. it was told the king--**by the sentinels who at such a time of threatened invasion would be posted on the eastern frontier and whose duty required them to make a strict report to headquarters of the arrival of all strangers.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 10 Chapter Outline Five kings war against Gibeon.(1-6) Joshua succours Gibeon, The sun and moon stand still.(7-14) The kings are taken, their armies defeated, and they are put to death.(15-27) Seven other kings defeated and slain.(28-43) **Verses 1-6** When sinners leave the service of Satan and the friendship of the world, that they make peace with God and join I...
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Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all their hosts, and encamped before Gibeon, and made war against it.

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KJV Study Commentary

The coalition mobilizes: 'Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all their hosts, and encamped before Gibeon, and made war against it.' The repetition of all five kings emphasizes comprehensive allied participation. The phrase 'they and all ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-3. it was told the king--**by the sentinels who at such a time of threatened invasion would be posted on the eastern frontier and whose duty required them to make a strict report to headquarters of the arrival of all strangers.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 10 Chapter Outline Five kings war against Gibeon.(1-6) Joshua succours Gibeon, The sun and moon stand still.(7-14) The kings are taken, their armies defeated, and they are put to death.(15-27) Seven other kings defeated and slain.(28-43) **Verses 1-6** When sinners leave the service of Satan and the friendship of the world, that they make peace with God and join I...
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And the men of Gibeon sent unto Joshua to the camp to Gilgal, saying, Slack not thy hand from thy servants; come up to us quickly, and save us, and help us: for all the kings of the Amorites that dwell in the mountains are gathered together against us.

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KJV Study Commentary

Gibeon's desperate appeal: 'the men of Gibeon sent unto Joshua to the camp to Gilgal, saying, Slack not thy hand from thy servants; come up to us quickly, and save us, and help us: for all the kings of the Amorites that dwell in the mountains are gathered together against us.' The urgency is palpable—multiple imperatives: don't slack, come quickly, save, help. The phrase 'thy servants' invokes cov...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **The Amorites that dwell in the mountains**—i.e., in the mountainous district lying on the south of Jerusalem.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-6. the woman took the two men, and hid them--**literally, "him," that is, each of them in separate places, of course previous to the appearance of the royal messengers and in anticipation of a speedy search after her guests. According to Eastern manners, which pay an almost superstitious respect to a woman's apartment, the royal messengers did not demand admittance to search but asked her to b...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 10 Chapter Outline Five kings war against Gibeon.(1-6) Joshua succours Gibeon, The sun and moon stand still.(7-14) The kings are taken, their armies defeated, and they are put to death.(15-27) Seven other kings defeated and slain.(28-43) **Verses 1-6** When sinners leave the service of Satan and the friendship of the world, that they make peace with God and join I...
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So Joshua ascended from Gilgal, he, and all the people of war with him, and all the mighty men of valour.

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KJV Study Commentary

Joshua's immediate response: 'So Joshua ascended from Gilgal, he, and all the people of war with him, and all the mighty men of valour.' The verb 'ascended' (<em>alah</em>, עָלָה) indicates upward movement—Gibeon sat higher than Gilgal geographically and perhaps suggesting spiritual significance (ascending to obey covenant). The phrase 'all the people of war' indicates full mobilization—no token f...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-6. the woman took the two men, and hid them--**literally, "him," that is, each of them in separate places, of course previous to the appearance of the royal messengers and in anticipation of a speedy search after her guests. According to Eastern manners, which pay an almost superstitious respect to a woman's apartment, the royal messengers did not demand admittance to search but asked her to b...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-14** The meanest and most feeble, who have just begun to trust the Lord, are as much entitled to be protected as those who have long and faithfully been his servants. It is our duty to defend the afflicted, who, like the Gibeonites, are brought into trouble on our account, or for the sake of the gospel. Joshua would not forsake his new vassals. How much less shall our true Joshua fa...
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And the LORD said unto Joshua, Fear them not: for I have delivered them into thine hand; there shall not a man of them stand before thee.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the LORD said unto Joshua, Fear them not: for I have delivered them into thine hand; there shall not a man of them stand before thee.</strong><br><br>God's encouragement to Joshua echoes His earlier reassurances (1:9; 8:1), demonstrating the ongoing need for divine strengthening even as victories multiply. The command "Fear them not" (<em>al-tira mehem</em>, אַל־תִּירָא מֵהֶם) addresse...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **And the Lord said unto Joshua.**—A distinct command is given for the commencement of this attack, as for all the important steps in the conquest of Canaan.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-6. the woman took the two men, and hid them--**literally, "him," that is, each of them in separate places, of course previous to the appearance of the royal messengers and in anticipation of a speedy search after her guests. According to Eastern manners, which pay an almost superstitious respect to a woman's apartment, the royal messengers did not demand admittance to search but asked her to b...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-14** The meanest and most feeble, who have just begun to trust the Lord, are as much entitled to be protected as those who have long and faithfully been his servants. It is our duty to defend the afflicted, who, like the Gibeonites, are brought into trouble on our account, or for the sake of the gospel. Joshua would not forsake his new vassals. How much less shall our true Joshua fa...
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Joshua therefore came unto them suddenly, and went up from Gilgal all night.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Joshua therefore came unto them suddenly, and went up from Gilgal all night.</strong><br><br>The adverb "suddenly" (פִּתְאֹם, <em>pit'om</em>) emphasizes the tactical surprise achieved through Joshua's forced night march. The phrase "went up from Gilgal all night" reveals the physical demands of the campaign—Gilgal, Israel's base camp in the Jordan valley (elevation -800 feet), lay approxi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **And went up.**—Better thus, *And Joshua came upon them suddenly; *(for) *all the night he had marched *(come up) *from Gilgal. *The expression “went up” is geographically correct, because the line of march from Gilgal to Gibeon is an ascent the whole way.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. the men pursued after them the way to Jordan unto the fords--**That river is crossed at several well-known fords. The first and second immediately below the sea of Galilee; the third and fourth immediately above and below the pilgrims' bathing-place, opposite Jericho. **as soon as they which pursued after them were gone out, they shut the gate--**This precaution was to ensure the capture of...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-14** The meanest and most feeble, who have just begun to trust the Lord, are as much entitled to be protected as those who have long and faithfully been his servants. It is our duty to defend the afflicted, who, like the Gibeonites, are brought into trouble on our account, or for the sake of the gospel. Joshua would not forsake his new vassals. How much less shall our true Joshua fa...
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And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, and chased them along the way that goeth up to Bethhoron, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, and chased them along the way that goeth up to Beth-horon, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah.</strong> This verse describes Yahweh's supernatural intervention in the battle of Gibeon. The Hebrew word "discomfited" (<em>hamam</em>, הָמַם) means to throw into confusion or panic—God caused t...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **Beth-horon**—is identified as Beit’ Ur. **Azekah**—is unknown. **Makkedah.**—Probably el-Moghâr. (11) **Great stones from heaven.**—Compare Job 38:22-23, “Hast thou seen the treasures of the hail, which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against the day of battle and war?” The employment of the artillery of heaven against Jehovah’s enemies was there foretold by Himself. (12-15)—Th...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jos 2:8-21. The Covenant between Her and Them. **8-13. she came up unto them upon the roof and said--**Rahab's dialogue is full of interest, as showing the universal panic and consternation of the Canaanites on the one hand (Jos 24:11; De 2:25), and her strong convictions on the other, founded on a knowledge of the divine promise, and the stupendous miracles that had opened the way of the Israeli...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-14** The meanest and most feeble, who have just begun to trust the Lord, are as much entitled to be protected as those who have long and faithfully been his servants. It is our duty to defend the afflicted, who, like the Gibeonites, are brought into trouble on our account, or for the sake of the gospel. Joshua would not forsake his new vassals. How much less shall our true Joshua fa...
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And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, and were in the going down to Bethhoron, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died: they were more which died with hailstones than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, and were in the going down to Bethhoron, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died: they were more which died with hailstones than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword.</strong><br><br>This dramatic divine intervention demonstrates that Yahweh, not Israel's military prowess, se...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jos 2:8-21. The Covenant between Her and Them. **8-13. she came up unto them upon the roof and said--**Rahab's dialogue is full of interest, as showing the universal panic and consternation of the Canaanites on the one hand (Jos 24:11; De 2:25), and her strong convictions on the other, founded on a knowledge of the divine promise, and the stupendous miracles that had opened the way of the Israeli...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-14** The meanest and most feeble, who have just begun to trust the Lord, are as much entitled to be protected as those who have long and faithfully been his servants. It is our duty to defend the afflicted, who, like the Gibeonites, are brought into trouble on our account, or for the sake of the gospel. Joshua would not forsake his new vassals. How much less shall our true Joshua fa...
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Then spake Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon. stand: Heb. be silent

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KJV Study Commentary

Joshua's prayer—'Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon'—requests nature's suspension to complete battle. The boldness of commanding celestial bodies demonstrates prayer confidence grounded in God's promise. The text's testimony—'And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies' (verse 13)—affirms the mirac...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jos 2:8-21. The Covenant between Her and Them. **8-13. she came up unto them upon the roof and said--**Rahab's dialogue is full of interest, as showing the universal panic and consternation of the Canaanites on the one hand (Jos 24:11; De 2:25), and her strong convictions on the other, founded on a knowledge of the divine promise, and the stupendous miracles that had opened the way of the Israeli...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-14** The meanest and most feeble, who have just begun to trust the Lord, are as much entitled to be protected as those who have long and faithfully been his servants. It is our duty to defend the afflicted, who, like the Gibeonites, are brought into trouble on our account, or for the sake of the gospel. Joshua would not forsake his new vassals. How much less shall our true Joshua fa...
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And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day. Jasher: or, the upright?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.</strong> This verse records one of Scripture's most extraordinary miracles—God stopping celestial motion in response to Joshua's prayer (Joshua 10:12)....
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed.**—Literally, *the sun was silent, and the moon stopped.* **The sun stood **still (*i.e., *stopped) **in the midst of heaven.**—Literally, *in the half of the heavens*—*i.e., *either “in the midst of heaven,” or “in the same hemisphere” (in the one-half of the heavens). **And hasted not to go down (or to *go in**) about a whole day.*—The word can...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jos 2:8-21. The Covenant between Her and Them. **8-13. she came up unto them upon the roof and said--**Rahab's dialogue is full of interest, as showing the universal panic and consternation of the Canaanites on the one hand (Jos 24:11; De 2:25), and her strong convictions on the other, founded on a knowledge of the divine promise, and the stupendous miracles that had opened the way of the Israeli...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-14** The meanest and most feeble, who have just begun to trust the Lord, are as much entitled to be protected as those who have long and faithfully been his servants. It is our duty to defend the afflicted, who, like the Gibeonites, are brought into trouble on our account, or for the sake of the gospel. Joshua would not forsake his new vassals. How much less shall our true Joshua fa...
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And there was no day like that before it or after it, that the LORD hearkened unto the voice of a man: for the LORD fought for Israel.

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KJV Study Commentary

The testimony—'And there was no day like that before it or after it, that the LORD hearkened unto the voice of a man: for the LORD fought for Israel'—emphasizes the miracle's uniqueness and divine initiative. God's hearkening to human prayer shows covenant intimacy—He responds to His people's requests. Yet the conclusion—'the LORD fought for Israel'—ensures recognition that victory came through di...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **And there was no day like that before it or after it.**—These words are meaningless, unless the writer intended to convey the idea that there was really a great miracle. We may compare the prophecy in Isaiah 30:26, “Moreover, the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun, and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold, as the light of seven days, in the day when the Lord bindeth up th...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jos 2:8-21. The Covenant between Her and Them. **8-13. she came up unto them upon the roof and said--**Rahab's dialogue is full of interest, as showing the universal panic and consternation of the Canaanites on the one hand (Jos 24:11; De 2:25), and her strong convictions on the other, founded on a knowledge of the divine promise, and the stupendous miracles that had opened the way of the Israeli...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-14** The meanest and most feeble, who have just begun to trust the Lord, are as much entitled to be protected as those who have long and faithfully been his servants. It is our duty to defend the afflicted, who, like the Gibeonites, are brought into trouble on our account, or for the sake of the gospel. Joshua would not forsake his new vassals. How much less shall our true Joshua fa...
Read full commentary →

And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, unto the camp to Gilgal.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, unto the camp to Gilgal.</strong><br><br>This verse presents a textual curiosity—Joshua returns to Gilgal only to immediately pursue and capture the five kings (verses 16-27), then conduct further campaigns (verses 28-43) before finally returning to Gilgal (verse 43). Many scholars view verse 15 as either a scribal note, an editorial summary an...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **Unto the camp to Gilgal.**—This verse relates by anticipation, in the words of the Book of Jasher (Heb., *Yâshar, *upright), what we find in the narrative of Joshua at Joshua 10:43, viz., the return to Gilgal at the close of this campaign. The immediate return, at the end of the miraculous day’s operations, was to *Makkedah, *not to Gilgal (see Joshua 10:21).

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jos 2:8-21. The Covenant between Her and Them. **8-13. she came up unto them upon the roof and said--**Rahab's dialogue is full of interest, as showing the universal panic and consternation of the Canaanites on the one hand (Jos 24:11; De 2:25), and her strong convictions on the other, founded on a knowledge of the divine promise, and the stupendous miracles that had opened the way of the Israeli...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 15-27** None moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the Israel of God. Refuges of lies will but secure for God's judgment. God punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleade...
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Victory Over Southern Canaan

But these five kings fled, and hid themselves in a cave at Makkedah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But these five kings fled, and hid themselves in a cave at Makkedah.</strong><br><br>The phrase "five kings fled" (וַיָּנֻסוּ חֲמֵשֶׁת הַמְּלָכִים הָאֵלֶּה, <em>vayanusu chameshet hamelachim ha'eleh</em>) starkly contrasts their earlier coalition. They had united to attack Gibeon (v. 5); now they flee separately for their lives. The verb "fled" (נוּס, <em>nus</em>) appears repeatedly in th...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **In a cave.**—Literally, *in the cave in Makkedah, *and so Joshua 10:17.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14. the men answered her, Our life for yours, if ye utter not this our business--**This was a solemn pledge--a virtual oath, though the name of God is not mentioned; and the words were added, not as a condition of their fidelity, but as necessary for her safety, which might be endangered if the private agreement was divulged.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 15-27** None moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the Israel of God. Refuges of lies will but secure for God's judgment. God punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleade...
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And it was told Joshua, saying, The five kings are found hid in a cave at Makkedah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And it was told Joshua, saying, The five kings are found hid in a cave at Makkedah.</strong><br><br>The passive construction "it was told Joshua" (וַיֻּגַּד לִיהוֹשֻׁעַ, <em>vayugad liYhoshua</em>) indicates intelligence gathering during battle. While Joshua commanded the main engagement, scouts searched the battlefield and surrounding terrain, reporting discoveries. Effective military lea...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15. her house was upon the town wall--**In many Oriental cities houses are built on the walls with overhanging windows; in others the town wall forms the back wall of the house, so that the window opens into the country. Rahab's was probably of this latter description, and the cord or rope sufficiently strong to bear the weight of a man.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 15-27** None moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the Israel of God. Refuges of lies will but secure for God's judgment. God punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleade...
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And Joshua said, Roll great stones upon the mouth of the cave, and set men by it for to keep them:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Joshua said, Roll great stones upon the mouth of the cave, and set men by it for to keep them:</strong><br><br>Joshua's command demonstrates tactical wisdom and strategic priorities. The verb "roll" (גֹּלּוּ, <em>gollu</em>) indicates moving massive stones requiring multiple men—ensuring the kings couldn't escape even if they attempted to fight their way out. The phrase "great stones" ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. she said--**rather "she had said," for what follows must have been part of the previous conversation. **Get you to the mountain--**A range of white limestone hills extends on the north, called Quarantania (now Jebel Karantu), rising to a height of from twelve hundred to fifteen hundred feet, and the sides of which are perforated with caves. Some one peak adjoining was familiarly known t...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 15-27** None moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the Israel of God. Refuges of lies will but secure for God's judgment. God punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleade...
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And stay ye not, but pursue after your enemies, and smite the hindmost of them; suffer them not to enter into their cities: for the LORD your God hath delivered them into your hand. smite: Heb. cut off the tail

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And stay ye not, but pursue after your enemies, and smite the hindmost of them; suffer them not to enter into their cities: for the LORD your God hath delivered them into your hand.</strong><br><br>The emphatic negative "stay ye not" (אַל־תַּעֲמֹדוּ, <em>al-ta'amodu</em>) commands immediate action without pause. Joshua refused to let his troops rest after securing the kings, recognizing th...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **Smite the hindmost of them.**—See Deuteronomy 25:18, the only other place where the same Hebrew verb occurs. **For the Lord your God hath delivered them into your hand.**—It is worth while to observe that the command given to Israel to exterminate the Canaanites, though perfectly general, is notwithstanding limited as to time and circumstances by this very condition, in Deuteronomy 7, Joshu...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. she said--**rather "she had said," for what follows must have been part of the previous conversation. **Get you to the mountain--**A range of white limestone hills extends on the north, called Quarantania (now Jebel Karantu), rising to a height of from twelve hundred to fifteen hundred feet, and the sides of which are perforated with caves. Some one peak adjoining was familiarly known t...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 15-27** None moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the Israel of God. Refuges of lies will but secure for God's judgment. God punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleade...
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And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had made an end of slaying them with a very great slaughter, till they were consumed, that the rest which remained of them entered into fenced cities.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had made an end of slaying them with a very great slaughter, till they were consumed, that the rest which remained of them entered into fenced cities.</strong><br><br>The phrase "made an end of slaying them" (כְּכַלּוֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ... לְהַכּוֹתָם, <em>kechalot Yehoshua... lehakkotam</em>) indicates thorough, complete victory. The d...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. she said--**rather "she had said," for what follows must have been part of the previous conversation. **Get you to the mountain--**A range of white limestone hills extends on the north, called Quarantania (now Jebel Karantu), rising to a height of from twelve hundred to fifteen hundred feet, and the sides of which are perforated with caves. Some one peak adjoining was familiarly known t...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 15-27** None moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the Israel of God. Refuges of lies will but secure for God's judgment. God punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleade...
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And all the people returned to the camp to Joshua at Makkedah in peace: none moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And all the people returned to the camp to Joshua at Makkedah in peace: none moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel.</strong><br><br>The phrase "returned to the camp" (וַיָּשֻׁבוּ כָּל־הָעָם אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶה, <em>vayashuvu chol-ha'am el-hamachaneh</em>) indicates the army's reassembly after pursuing scattered enemies across the region. Despite operating across miles of hostil...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. she said--**rather "she had said," for what follows must have been part of the previous conversation. **Get you to the mountain--**A range of white limestone hills extends on the north, called Quarantania (now Jebel Karantu), rising to a height of from twelve hundred to fifteen hundred feet, and the sides of which are perforated with caves. Some one peak adjoining was familiarly known t...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 15-27** None moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the Israel of God. Refuges of lies will but secure for God's judgment. God punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleade...
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Then said Joshua, Open the mouth of the cave, and bring out those five kings unto me out of the cave.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then said Joshua, Open the mouth of the cave, and bring out those five kings unto me out of the cave.</strong><br><br>The timing indicator "then" (אָז, <em>az</em>) connects this command to the previous verse's peaceful assembly. With the battlefield secured and forces regrouped, Joshua turned to the imprisoned kings. The deliberate pace—fighting the battle, pursuing enemies, reassembling ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. she said--**rather "she had said," for what follows must have been part of the previous conversation. **Get you to the mountain--**A range of white limestone hills extends on the north, called Quarantania (now Jebel Karantu), rising to a height of from twelve hundred to fifteen hundred feet, and the sides of which are perforated with caves. Some one peak adjoining was familiarly known t...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 15-27** None moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the Israel of God. Refuges of lies will but secure for God's judgment. God punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleade...
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And they did so, and brought forth those five kings unto him out of the cave, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they did so, and brought forth those five kings unto him out of the cave, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon.</strong><br><br>The obedient response "they did so" (וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵן, <em>vaya'asu-chen</em>) demonstrates Israel's continued submission to Joshua's authority. The repetition of the command's execution rein...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. she said--**rather "she had said," for what follows must have been part of the previous conversation. **Get you to the mountain--**A range of white limestone hills extends on the north, called Quarantania (now Jebel Karantu), rising to a height of from twelve hundred to fifteen hundred feet, and the sides of which are perforated with caves. Some one peak adjoining was familiarly known t...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 15-27** None moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the Israel of God. Refuges of lies will but secure for God's judgment. God punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleade...
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And it came to pass, when they brought out those kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto the captains of the men of war which went with him, Come near, put your feet upon the necks of these kings. And they came near, and put their feet upon the necks of them.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And it came to pass, when they brought out those kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto the captains of the men of war which went with him, Come near, put your feet upon the necks of these kings. And they came near, and put their feet upon the necks of them.</strong><br><br>This public ceremony served multiple purposes. The phrase "Joshua called for ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **The captains.**—The original word occurs here for the first time (see Judges 11:6; Judges 11:11), and seems to mean the *actual leaders, *not merely the official heads, of the people, who had borne the brunt of the battle. These men having laboured, deserved to see the fruits of their labour; and the action of Joshua was well calculated to inspirit them, and to fire them with courage to lea...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 15-27** None moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the Israel of God. Refuges of lies will but secure for God's judgment. God punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleade...
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And Joshua said unto them, Fear not, nor be dismayed, be strong and of good courage: for thus shall the LORD do to all your enemies against whom ye fight.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Joshua said unto them, Fear not, nor be dismayed, be strong and of good courage: for thus shall the LORD do to all your enemies against whom ye fight.</strong><br><br>After capturing the five coalition kings, Joshua transforms their humiliation into an object lesson for Israel. The command "Fear not, nor be dismayed" (<em>al-tir'u ve'al-techatu</em>, אַל־תִּירְאוּ וְאַל־תֵּחָתּוּ) uses...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **Fear not, nor be dismayed, be strong and of good courage.**—The very words spoken to Joshua by Jehovah (Joshua 1:9) with the exception of the word for *fear, *which is stronger in Joshua 1:9. Even ordinary fear is needless. Alarm is not to be thought of.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 15-27** None moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the Israel of God. Refuges of lies will but secure for God's judgment. God punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleade...
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And afterward Joshua smote them, and slew them, and hanged them on five trees: and they were hanging upon the trees until the evening.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And afterward Joshua smote them, and slew them, and hanged them on five trees: and they were hanging upon the trees until the evening.</strong><br><br>The execution sequence is described with stark brevity. The verb "smote" (וַיַּכֵּם, <em>vayachem</em>) likely indicates a killing blow, while "slew" (וַיְמִיתֵם, <em>vayemitem</em>) confirms death. The phrase "hanged them on five trees" (וַ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(26) **And hanged them.**—Here the hanging appears to have been a token of disgrace after death. Upon the cross of the true Joshua, the enemies of the Israel of God are exhibited. “He made a shew of them openly, triumphing over them in it” (Colossians 2:15).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 15-27** None moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the Israel of God. Refuges of lies will but secure for God's judgment. God punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleade...
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And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, that Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the trees, and cast them into the cave wherein they had been hid, and laid great stones in the cave's mouth, which remain until this very day.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, that Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the trees, and cast them into the cave wherein they had been hid, and laid great stones in the cave's mouth, which remain until this very day.</strong><br><br>The phrase "at the time of the going down of the sun" (לְעֵת בּוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, <em>le'et bo hashemesh</em>) emphasizes p...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 15-27** None moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. This shows their perfect safety. The kings were called to an account, as rebels against the Israel of God. Refuges of lies will but secure for God's judgment. God punished the abominable wickedness of these kings, the measure of whose iniquity was now full. And by this public act of justice, done upon these ringleade...
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And that day Joshua took Makkedah, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof he utterly destroyed, them, and all the souls that were therein; he let none remain: and he did to the king of Makkedah as he did unto the king of Jericho.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And that day Joshua took Makkedah, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof he utterly destroyed, them, and all the souls that were therein; he let none remain</strong>—this first conquest following the miraculous victory establishes the pattern of <em>herem</em> (חֵרֶם), complete devotion to destruction. The phrase "with the edge of the sword" (<em>lefi-charev</em>, ל...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(28) **Joshua took Makkedah.**—Perhaps better. *had taken—i.e., *before the execution of the five kings.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 3 Jos 3:1-6. Joshua Comes to Jordan. **1. Joshua rose early in the morning--**On the day following that on which the spies had returned with their encouraging report. The camp was broken up in "Shittim" (the acacia groves), and removed to the eastern bank of the Jordan. The duration of their stay is indicated (Jos 3:2), being, according to Hebrew reckoning, only one entire day, including ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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Then Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, unto Libnah, and fought against Libnah:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, unto Libnah, and fought against Libnah</strong>—this transitional verse reveals the lightning-fast pace of Joshua's southern campaign. The Hebrew verb <em>avar</em> (עָבַר, "passed") suggests rapid movement, not leisurely progress. The phrase "and all Israel with him" emphasizes unified national action under single leadership, cont...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(29) **Then.**—Better, simply *and. *The operations against Libnah are the commencement of a further stage of the campaign. Libnah has not been identified; but see Joshua 15:42.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-4. the officers went through the host; And they commanded the people--**The instructions given at this time and in this place were different from those described (Jos 1:11).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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And the LORD delivered it also, and the king thereof, into the hand of Israel; and he smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that were therein; he let none remain in it; but did unto the king thereof as he did unto the king of Jericho.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the LORD delivered it also, and the king thereof, into the hand of Israel</strong>—the emphatic "also" (<em>gam</em>, גַּם) stresses divine consistency. Just as Yahweh delivered Makkedah, so He delivered Libnah. Victory resulted not from superior Israelite tactics but from covenant faithfulness: "the LORD delivered." The Hebrew <em>natan</em> (נָתַן, "delivered/gave") emphasizes gracio...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-4. the officers went through the host; And they commanded the people--**The instructions given at this time and in this place were different from those described (Jos 1:11).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, unto Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, unto Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it</strong>—the progression "passed...encamped...fought" reveals military methodology: rapid movement, siege establishment, then assault. The verb <em>chanah</em> (חָנָה, "encamped") indicates formal siege operations, not merely overnight camping. Lachish required more extensiv...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(31) **Lachish** has been variously identified, (1) as Um-Lâkis; (2) Zukkanjek; (3) Tell-el-Hesy, near Eglon. It cannot have been far from this latter place.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-4. the officers went through the host; And they commanded the people--**The instructions given at this time and in this place were different from those described (Jos 1:11).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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And the LORD delivered Lachish into the hand of Israel, which took it on the second day, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that were therein, according to all that he had done to Libnah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the LORD delivered Lachish into the hand of Israel, which took it on the second day</strong>—once again, the text emphasizes divine agency: "the LORD delivered." Lachish's fall "on the second day" (<em>bayom hasheni</em>, בַּיּוֹם הַשֵּׁנִי) marks the campaign's first multi-day siege. Ancient sieges typically lasted weeks, months, or even years (2 Kings 17:5; 25:1-2). A two-day conques...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(32) **On the second day.**—With this fact we may connect two other facts of later history. When Sennacherib, king of Assyria, “came up against all the fenced cities of Judah and took them” (2Kings 18:13), although he “laid siege to Lachish, and all his power with him” (2Chronicles 32:9), he had to abandon the siege (2Kings 19:8). Again, when Nebuchadnezzar invaded the kingdom of Judah in the reig...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. Joshua said unto the people--**rather "had said," for as he speaks of "to-morrow," the address must have been made previous to the day of crossing, and the sanctification was in all probability the same as Moses had commanded before the giving of the law, consisting of an outward cleansing (Ex 19:10-15) preparatory to that serious and devout state of mind with which so great a manifestation s...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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Then Horam king of Gezer came up to help Lachish; and Joshua smote him and his people, until he had left him none remaining.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then Horam king of Gezer came up to help Lachish</strong>—this verse introduces a secondary conflict within the Lachish campaign. Horam's name (הֹרָם) possibly means "exalted" or "consecrated," though etymology remains uncertain. His decision to aid Lachish reveals the regional panic Joshua's campaign generated—Canaanite kings recognized that if Lachish fell, no city was safe. The verb "ca...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(33) **Gezer** is identified as Tell-Jezer or Tel-el-Jezar, about four miles from Amwâs or Emmaus.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. Joshua spake unto the priests--**This order to the priests would be given privately, and involving as it did an important change in the established order of march, it must be considered as announced in the name and by the authority of God. Moreover, as soon as the priests stepped into the waters of Jordan, they were to stand still. The ark was to accomplish what had been done by the rod of Mo...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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And from Lachish Joshua passed unto Eglon, and all Israel with him; and they encamped against it, and fought against it:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And from Lachish Joshua passed unto Eglon, and all Israel with him</strong>—the relentless pace continues: "from Lachish...unto Eglon." No pause for rest or celebration; the campaign pressed forward while psychological momentum favored Israel. Eglon (עֶגְלוֹן) possibly derives from <em>egel</em> (עֵגֶל, "calf"), suggesting the city may have been associated with calf worship or cattle-raisi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7-8. the Lord said to Joshua, This day will I ... magnify thee in the sight of all Israel--**Joshua had already received distinguished honors (Ex 24:13; De 31:7). But a higher token of the divine favor was now to be publicly bestowed on him, and evidence given in the same unmistakable manner that his mission and authority were from God as was that of Moses (Ex 14:31).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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And they took it on that day, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that were therein he utterly destroyed that day, according to all that he had done to Lachish.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they took it on that day, and smote it with the edge of the sword</strong>—Eglon fell in a single day, faster than even Lachish's two-day siege. The phrase "on that day" (<em>bayom hahu</em>, בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא) emphasizes the immediacy and decisiveness of victory. God's power compressed siege timelines that normally required months or years into hours. This acceleration of conquest demon...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7-8. the Lord said to Joshua, This day will I ... magnify thee in the sight of all Israel--**Joshua had already received distinguished honors (Ex 24:13; De 31:7). But a higher token of the divine favor was now to be publicly bestowed on him, and evidence given in the same unmistakable manner that his mission and authority were from God as was that of Moses (Ex 14:31).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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And Joshua went up from Eglon, and all Israel with him, unto Hebron; and they fought against it:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Joshua went up from Eglon, and all Israel with him, unto Hebron; and they fought against it.</strong> This verse describes the next phase of Joshua's southern campaign to conquer Canaan. "Went up" (<em>vaya'al</em>, וַיַּעַל) is geographically accurate—Hebron sits at approximately 3,050 feet elevation, significantly higher than Eglon in the Shephelah lowlands. This ascent represents bo...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jos 3:9-13. Joshua Encourages the People. **9-13. Come hither, and hear the words of the Lord--**It seems that the Israelites had no intimation how they were to cross the river till shortly before the event. The premonitory address of Joshua, taken in connection with the miraculous result exactly as he had described it, would tend to increase and confirm their faith in the God of their fathers as...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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And they took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof, and all the souls that were therein; he left none remaining, according to all that he had done to Eglon; but destroyed it utterly, and all the souls that were therein.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof, and all the souls that were therein</strong>—Hebron's conquest receives more elaborate description than previous cities, reflecting its exceptional importance. The phrase "all the cities thereof" (<em>kol-areha</em>, כָּל־עָרֶיהָ) indicates Hebron controlled satellite villages formi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jos 3:9-13. Joshua Encourages the People. **9-13. Come hither, and hear the words of the Lord--**It seems that the Israelites had no intimation how they were to cross the river till shortly before the event. The premonitory address of Joshua, taken in connection with the miraculous result exactly as he had described it, would tend to increase and confirm their faith in the God of their fathers as...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, to Debir; and fought against it:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, to Debir; and fought against it</strong>—the verb "returned" (<em>shuv</em>, שׁוּב) seems unusual since this is the campaign's forward progression, not retreat. Most likely it indicates turning back from Hebron's southernmost position toward the northeast to Debir, or possibly returning from a pursuit of fleeing enemies. The Hebrew <em>shuv</em...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(38) **Debir** is not identified.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jos 3:9-13. Joshua Encourages the People. **9-13. Come hither, and hear the words of the Lord--**It seems that the Israelites had no intimation how they were to cross the river till shortly before the event. The premonitory address of Joshua, taken in connection with the miraculous result exactly as he had described it, would tend to increase and confirm their faith in the God of their fathers as...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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And he took it, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof; and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls that were therein; he left none remaining: as he had done to Hebron, so he did to Debir, and to the king thereof; as he had done also to Libnah, and to her king.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he took it, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof; and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls that were therein; he left none remaining</strong>—this verse summarizes Debir's complete conquest with familiar formulaic language. The phrase "all the cities thereof" again indicates a city-state complex with dependent villages, similar to ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jos 3:9-13. Joshua Encourages the People. **9-13. Come hither, and hear the words of the Lord--**It seems that the Israelites had no intimation how they were to cross the river till shortly before the event. The premonitory address of Joshua, taken in connection with the miraculous result exactly as he had described it, would tend to increase and confirm their faith in the God of their fathers as...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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So Joshua smote all the country of the hills, and of the south, and of the vale, and of the springs, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the LORD God of Israel commanded.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So Joshua smote all the country of the hills, and of the south, and of the vale, and of the springs, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the LORD God of Israel commanded. And Joshua smote them from Kadeshbarnea even unto Gaza, and all the country of Goshen, even unto Gibeon. And all these kings and their land did Joshua take at one time,...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(40) **Of the hills**—i.e., the mountains of Judah and Ephraim. **The south**—i.e., the Nêgeb. **The vale**—i.e., Shephêlah, the plain of the coast, but not apparently including the Philistine territory, which was not conquered by Joshua. **The springs**—or *Áshdoth. *Some render it the slopes or declivities, the country between the high hills and the low plain of the coast.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jos 3:9-13. Joshua Encourages the People. **9-13. Come hither, and hear the words of the Lord--**It seems that the Israelites had no intimation how they were to cross the river till shortly before the event. The premonitory address of Joshua, taken in connection with the miraculous result exactly as he had described it, would tend to increase and confirm their faith in the God of their fathers as...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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And Joshua smote them from Kadeshbarnea even unto Gaza, and all the country of Goshen, even unto Gibeon.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Joshua smote them from Kadesh-barnea even unto Gaza</strong>—This verse maps the southern extent of Joshua's conquest campaign. Kadesh-barnea (קָדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ) marked Israel's southern boundary where they wandered for forty years (Numbers 32:8), while Gaza represented the southwestern coastal region of Canaan. The verb <em>nakah</em> (נָכָה, "to strike/smite") indicates decisive milit...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(41) **From Kadesh-barnea** (on the south-east) **even unto Gaza** (on the west, now Ghazzeh in Philistia), **and all the country of Goshen** (from the south to Gibeon in a northerly direction). **And all the country of Goshen.**—This expression creates some difficulty. Goshen has been thought to be the town of that name mentioned in Joshua 15:51; but it is inconceivable that a single place of no ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jos 3:14-17. The Waters of Jordan Are Divided. **14-16. And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, &amp;c.--**To understand the scene described we must imagine the band of priests with the ark on their shoulders, standing on the depressed edge of the river, while the mass of the people were at a mile's distance. Suddenly the whole bed of the river was dried up; a spectacle the...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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And all these kings and their land did Joshua take at one time, because the LORD God of Israel fought for Israel.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>All these kings and their land did Joshua take at one time</strong>—The phrase "at one time" (<em>pa'am 'echad</em>, פַּעַם אֶחָד) emphasizes the swift, unified nature of this southern campaign. Unlike the forty years of wilderness wandering, when obedience replaced disobedience, conquest replaced defeat. Multiple Canaanite city-states fell in rapid succession because of divine interventio...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jos 3:14-17. The Waters of Jordan Are Divided. **14-16. And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, &amp;c.--**To understand the scene described we must imagine the band of priests with the ark on their shoulders, standing on the depressed edge of the river, while the mass of the people were at a mile's distance. Suddenly the whole bed of the river was dried up; a spectacle the...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
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And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, unto the camp to Gilgal.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, unto the camp to Gilgal</strong>—Gilgal (גִּלְגָּל, "circle [of stones]") served as Israel's base camp throughout the conquest (Joshua 4:19, 5:10, 9:6). The return to Gilgal after victory wasn't retreat but strategic repositioning. Gilgal represented the place where Israel crossed Jordan, was circumcised, celebrated Passover, and first ate the ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(43) **The camp to Gilgal.**—A central position, with Jordan and the conquered territory of the two and a half tribes in the rear. **Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com. Used by Permission. **Bible Hub

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jos 3:14-17. The Waters of Jordan Are Divided. **14-16. And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, &amp;c.--**To understand the scene described we must imagine the band of priests with the ark on their shoulders, standing on the depressed edge of the river, while the mass of the people were at a mile's distance. Suddenly the whole bed of the river was dried up; a spectacle the...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 28-43** Joshua made speed in taking these cities. See what a great deal of work may be done in a little time, if we will be diligent, and improve our opportunities. God here showed his hatred of the idolatries and other abominations of which the Canaanites had been guilty, and shows us how great the provocation was, by the greatness of the destruction brought upon them. Here also was ...
Read full commentary →

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