King James Version

What Does Romans 2:14 Mean?

Romans 2:14 in the King James Version says “For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, ... — study this verse from Romans chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves:

Romans 2:14 · KJV


Context

12

For as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without law: and as many as have sinned in the law shall be judged by the law;

13

(For not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified.

14

For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves:

15

Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another ;) their conscience: or, the conscience witnessing with them the mean: or, between themselves

16

In the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ according to my gospel.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the lawὅταν γὰρ ἔθνη τὰ μὴ νόμον ἔχοντα φύσει τὰ τοῦ νόμου ποιῶσιν (hotan gar ethnē ta mē nomon echonta physei ta tou nomou poiōsin). Φύσει (physei, "by nature") could modify "do" (Gentiles naturally do law's requirements) or "have not" (Gentiles who naturally lack the law). Most likely the former: Gentiles instinctively recognize moral imperatives like honoring parents, prohibiting murder, condemning theft.

These, having not the law, are a law unto themselvesοὗτοι νόμον μὴ ἔχοντες ἑαυτοῖς εἰσιν νόμος (houtoi nomon mē echontes heautois eisin nomos). Not autonomous moral agents, but carriers of internal moral law (v. 15). Paul isn't teaching salvation by natural morality—he'll show all fall short (3:9-23)—but establishing universal moral accountability. Even without Sinai's tablets, Gentiles know murder, adultery, and theft are wrong, making them culpable.

This verse grounds natural law theory: God's moral order is written into creation and human conscience, not solely in written scripture. Calvin developed this into the "general revelation" doctrine. Paul's purpose: eliminate the Jewish excuse that only Torah-breakers sin. Gentiles violate the moral law they instinctively recognize, Jews violate the written law they possess—all are guilty (Romans 1:20, 3:19).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Greek philosophy (Stoicism particularly) taught natural law—moral principles accessible through reason. Jews generally rejected this, seeing Torah as God's unique revelation to Israel. Paul here validates Gentile moral knowledge while subordinating it to special revelation. He's arguing for universal moral accountability: God judges Gentiles by the light they have (natural revelation, conscience), Jews by the fuller light they received (Torah). Neither group escapes condemnation.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does natural law—instinctive moral knowledge—demonstrate God's justice in judging those who never heard the gospel?
  2. In what ways do I suppress or rationalize away moral truth I naturally know, requiring biblical commands to reinforce it?
  3. If even Gentiles without Scripture recognize basic morality, how does this expose my excuses for sin?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 19 words
ὅταν1 of 19

when

G3752

whenever (implying hypothesis or more or less uncertainty); also causatively (conjunctionally) inasmuch as

γὰρ2 of 19

For

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

ἔθνη3 of 19

the Gentiles

G1484

a race (as of the same habit), i.e., a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-jewish) one (usually, by implication, pagan)

τοῦ4 of 19

the things

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μὴ5 of 19

not

G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

νόμος·6 of 19

a law

G3551

law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat

ἔχοντες7 of 19

have

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

φύσει8 of 19

by nature

G5449

growth (by germination or expansion), i.e., (by implication) natural production (lineal descent); by extension, a genus or sort; figuratively, native

τοῦ9 of 19

the things

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

τοῦ10 of 19

the things

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

νόμος·11 of 19

a law

G3551

law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat

ποιῇ,12 of 19

do

G4160

to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)

οὗτοι13 of 19

these

G3778

the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)

νόμος·14 of 19

a law

G3551

law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat

μὴ15 of 19

not

G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

ἔχοντες16 of 19

have

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

ἑαυτοῖς17 of 19

unto themselves

G1438

(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc

εἰσιν18 of 19

are

G1526

they are

νόμος·19 of 19

a law

G3551

law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 2:14 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 2:14 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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