King James Version

What Does Psalms 78:15 Mean?

Psalms 78:15 in the King James Version says “He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 78 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths.

Psalms 78:15 · KJV


Context

13

He divided the sea, and caused them to pass through; and he made the waters to stand as an heap.

14

In the daytime also he led them with a cloud, and all the night with a light of fire.

15

He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths.

16

He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.

17

And they sinned yet more against him by provoking the most High in the wilderness.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths—the rock-striking at Rephidim (Exodus 17:6) and Kadesh (Numbers 20:11) demonstrated YHWH's power to transform barren stone into life-giving water. The verb bāqa' (clave) parallels the sea-splitting (v. 13), showing God divides impossibilities to sustain His people.

Paul explicitly identifies this rock as Christ: 'they drank from the spiritual rock that followed them, and the rock was Christ' (1 Corinthians 10:4). The smitten rock typifies Christ's crucifixion—struck once to pour out living water (John 7:37-39). Moses's error at Kadesh (striking twice instead of speaking) violated this typology, barring him from Canaan (Numbers 20:12).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Rephidim (Exodus 17) occurred early in the wilderness wanderings, while Kadesh (Numbers 20) happened in the fortieth year. Both incidents tested whether Israel would trust God's provision or quarrel against His leadership.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Christ as the 'smitten rock' quench your spiritual thirst in desert seasons?
  2. What barren 'rocks' in your life need God's cleaving power to become sources of blessing?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
יְבַקַּ֣ע1 of 6

He clave

H1234

to cleave; generally, to rend, break, rip or open

צֻ֭רִים2 of 6

the rocks

H6697

properly, a cliff (or sharp rock, as compressed); generally, a rock or boulder; figuratively, a refuge; also an edge (as precipitous)

בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר3 of 6

in the wilderness

H4057

a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert

וַ֝יַּ֗שְׁקְ4 of 6

and gave them drink

H8248

to quaff, i.e., (causatively) to irrigate or furnish a potion to

כִּתְהֹמ֥וֹת5 of 6

depths

H8415

an abyss (as a surging mass of water), especially the deep (the main sea or the subterranean watersupply)

רַבָּֽה׃6 of 6

as out of the great

H7227

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 78:15 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 78:15 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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